BIO 201 – HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I CHAPTER 13: THE BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES- CLASS LECTURE NOTES VISUAL A & P‚MARTINI SECTION 1: FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES INTRODUCTION: Brain characteristics A. Equals ~97% of body’s neural tissue in adults B. “Typical” brain 1. Weighs 1.4 kg (3 lb) 2. Volume of 1200 mL (71 in.3) C. Size varies among individuals 1. Male brains are ~10% larger than female (related to body size) 2. No correlation between
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and responds‚ resulting in a change to an internal variable 5. Summarize the connection between the integumentary system and the nervous system. The sensory receptors in the integumentary system communicate with the brain and spinal cord via the nerves (the three parts of the nervous system). 6. Using the stomach as an example‚ illustrate the four biological levels of organization as a human. The stomach is composed of individual cells. Cells of the same type that perform a common function make
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provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament. A) conus medullaris B) filum terminale C) cauda equina D) dorsal root E) ventral root Answer: B 3) Spinal nerves are A) purely sensory. B) purely motor. C) both sensory and motor. D) interneuronal. E) involuntary. Answer: C 4) The spinal cord consists of five regions and ________ segments
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two extensions. Bipolar cells are specialized sensory neurons for the transmission of special senses. As such‚ they are part of the sensory pathways for smell‚ sight‚ taste‚ hearing and vestibular functions They are found in the vestibulocochlear nerve‚ but reference to bipolar neurons is usually to cells in the retina. A unipolar cell is a type of neuron in which only one protoplasmic process (neurite) extends from the cell body. Most neurons are multipolar‚ generating several dendrites and an
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together with a tube.1‚2 Golgi also theorized that the that the nerve impulses were able to travel in any direction.2 The supporters of the neuron
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The axons are | |processes of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex‚ and they carry information‚ in the form of patterns of nerve | |impulses‚ from cells of one hemisphere to cells in the contralateral hemisphere. The cell bodies of the axons in the | |corpus callosum are found mostly in the second and third layers (the Outer Granular Layer and the Outer Pyramidal Layer
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epilepsy began in the mid-1800s‚ with the works ofthree English neurologists: Russell Reynolds‚ John Hughlings Jackson‚ and Sir WilliamRichard Gowers (Rose‚ 1999). Jackson defined a seizure as "an occasional‚ an excessive‚and a disorderly discharge of nerve tissue on muscles." (Chillemi‚ 2012).His definition isstill used to describe seizures.Epilepsy is classified into different types‚ depending on part of brain that is affected andthe resulting seizure. However‚ all type of epilepsies have the same symptoms;characterized
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of communication of neurons in your nervous system. Also ionic channels are seen that they stimulate and they activate the cell to send electrical signals through central nervous system. Epilepsy is known as a brain disorder in which clusters of nerve cells or neurons in the brain sometimes transmit signals in an abnormal way. There have been diagnosed more than 30 types of seizures‚ which generally are divided into two types of such cases‚ focal seizures that affect only one side of the brain and
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flow out of the neuron. __4___ Positively charged ions flow into the neuron. __2___ The cell membrane potential is positive. __3___ The cell membrane potential is negative. 2. What is the "all or none" law? The muscle or nerves response completely or not at all Objective II.3 Identify the basic components of the synapse. Key Terms synapse Exercises 1. Which statement about the synapse is false? A a. The synapse is the
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ANIMAL TISSUES 1. Classify the animal tissues. On the basis of the function they perform‚ animal tissues are classified into four different types. They are: i) Epithelial tissue ii) Connective tissue iii) Muscular tissue iv) Nervous tissue 2. What are epithelial tissues? What are the characteristic features of these tissues? The covering or protective tissues in the animal body are called epithelial tissues. They also perform the functions of secretion and absorption
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