Introduction Spectrophotometer is an optical instrument that measures and shows how much light energy is transmitted by a substance in solution at different wavelengths of radiant energy. Light passes into a monochromator where only a very narrow range of wavelengths can pass through. From there‚ light is transmitted through a sample solution‚ and on to a phototube where the light energy is converted to an electric current that is registered on a meter. To measure the amount of light absorbed
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Conclusion: Addition reaction of Alkenes: Bromination of (E)-Stilbene 1. Addition reaction is a reaction that involved two molecules that combine to make a larger product. Addition reaction has two main types‚ electrophilic addition and nucleophilic addition. An electrophilic reaction is when the pi bond of a molecule is removed to make two covalent bonds that are bonded to two new molecules. A nucleophillic addition is a reaction that removed the pi bond from a molecule and adds covalent
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Trans-resveratrol has long been known to exhibit antioxidant properties owing to the presence of three hydroxyl group which can readily scavenge any free radical either by donating a hydrogen atom or by forming a non radical product with the radical. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)‚ the most potent of free radicals have been shown to be involved in initiation of heart and cancer related diseases by damaging DNA and other macromolecules in the body. It is associated
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Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis Tumor: A mass of cells which growth is atypical when referenced to the normal surrounding tissue structure. Neoplasm: Literally means “new growth” and is a term commonly used the same way that the term tumor is used. An abnormal mass of tissue‚ the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after
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Name : Joanne Wong Student ID : 00000012636 (BM1/14) Title : Spectrophotometer and its function Introduction Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength.[1] It can measure any of the listed light ranges that usually cover around 200 nm - 2500 nm using different controls and calibrations. [1] There are a few types of spectrophotometer such as calorimeter‚ UV spectrometer‚ IR spectrometer‚ atomic
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Are Aromatic Hydrocarbons Carcinogenic Aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes are hydrocarbons characterized by alternating double and single bonds between carbons. Benzene is the most common aromatic hydrocarbon‚ but there are some non-benzene based compounds called heteroarenes‚ where a carbon is replaced by an oxygen‚ nitrogen‚ or sulfur‚ that are also aromatic compounds. Aromatic hydrocarbons exist in our daily lives regardless if we recognize them or not. Aromatic hydrocarbons are ingested or
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wintergreen oil. In this experiment the salicylic acid is reproduced using methyl salicylate‚ the major constituent of wintergreen oil and later compared to salicylic acid made from benzene. The purpose of this lab is to determine the difference between salicylic acid made from methyl salicylate and salicylic acid made from benzene comparing the melting points of the two samples. II. Reactions and Properties M.W. m.p. b.p. d Methyl salicylate 152.1 -8 223 1.174 Salicylic acid 138.1 159 III
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(E)-α-phenylcinnamic acid 3054 Aromatic =C-H (stretch) 5053 Aromatic =C-H (stretch) 2616-3054 Carboxylic acid O-H (stretch) 2498-3053 Carboxylic acid O-H (stretch) 1676 Carbonyl C=O (stretch) 1670 Carbonyl C=O (stretch) 1599&1493 Benzene C=C (aromatic stretch) 1597&1493 Benzene C=C (aromatic stretch) 1293 Carboxylic acid C-O (stretch) 1267 Carboxylic acid C-O (stretch) 788 Alkene =C-H bending (stretch) 786-845 Alkene =C-H bending (stretch) Pure (E)-α-phenylcinnamic acid 3054 Aromatic =C-H (stretch) 5053
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Synthesis of Methyl Salicylate from Aspirin Esters are a class of organic compounds. An ester compromises an organic or inorganic acid in which one or more hydroxy (OH) groups have been replaced by and alkoxy (O-alkyl) group. For example‚ the simplest ester‚ methyl formate (CHOOCH3)‚ is made up of formic acid (CHO-OH) in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced by a methoxy group (-OCH3). Similarly‚ ethyl acetate (CH3CO-OCH2CH3) is made up of acetic acid (CH3CO-OH) in which the hydroxy group
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Preparation of Dibenzalacetone by the Aldol condensation David o Neill Date of experiment: 14/12/2011 Apparatus Steam bath‚ ice bath‚ Buchner funnel‚ beaker‚ conical flask‚ filter paper‚ TLC apparatus‚ Melting point apparatus Materials / chemicals Benzaldehyde‚ acetone‚ ethanolic sodium hydroxide‚ ethanol Introduction The synthesis of dibenzalacetone is formed from an Aldol condensation reaction. An Aldol condensation reaction is a very effective way of forming a carbon – carbon bond reaction‚ in
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