and oxides of nitrogen. SO2‚ natural: - Geothermal hot springs and volcanic activity are natural sources of SO2. - In the process of decaying of organic matter some bacteria will produces hydrogen sulphide as a waste product which will oxidise‚ forming so2. - Phytoplankton release dimethyl sulphide (DMS) into the atmosphere‚ when this is oxidised it forms sulphuric acid. NOx‚ natural: - Lightning activity generates high temperatures to allow oxygen and nitrogen to combine. Nitric oxide combines
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and atmospheric nitrogen can be combined to form ammonia (NH3) in the Haber-Bosch process which is used to make fertilizer and explosives. 3.Combustion of fossil fuels: automobile engines and thermal power plants‚ which release various nitrogen oxides (NOx). 4.Other processes: In addition‚ the formation of NO from N2 and O2 due to photons and especially lightning‚ can fix nitrogen. Assimilation Plants take nitrogen from the soil‚ by absorption through their roots in the form of either nitrate
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Nitric Oxide (NO) is released into the atmosphere when any type of fuel is burned. This includes byproducts of internal combustion engines. Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is released into the atmosphere through bacteria in livestock waste and commercial fertilizers applied to the soil. Removing nitrogen from the Earth’s crust and soil when
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ABP‚ petroleum ether fraction of ABL; ABE‚ ethyl acetate fraction of ABL; ABB‚ butanol fraction of ABL; ABW‚ aqueous fraction of ABL; QU‚ quercetin. 3.3.5 Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity Lyophilized aqueous extract of Averrhoa bilimbi fruits (ABL) and its different solvent fractions exhibited a dose dependent inhibition of nitric oxide radicals. The IC50 values of ABL (71.75 ± 2.67 μg/ml)‚ ABP (123.00 ± 4.58 μg/ml)‚ ABE (61.50 ± 2.29 μg/ml)‚ ABB (82.00 ± 3.05 μg/ml) and ABW (92.25 ± 3.43
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Explosives A chemical explosive is a compound or a mixture of compounds susceptible of a rapid chemical reaction causing a quick physical outburst of gases or heat radiation. The first explosives were created by the Chinese in the 11th century. These were mixtures of nitrate salts‚ sulfur and charcoal‚ now known as black powder. Gunpowder which is a low explosive‚ exhibits deflagration‚ or rapid burning‚ rather than detonation‚ the reaction exhibited by high explosives. While‚ perhaps counterintuitively
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carbonate carbon dioxide gas + salt + water Formation of hydronium: H+ + H2O H3O+ Reactions of various oxides with water: Non-metal (acidic) oxides: CO2 (g) + H2O (l) H2CO3 (aq) (carbonic acid) SO2 (g) + H2O (l) H2SO3 (aq) (sulfurous acid) 2NO2 (g) + H2O (l) HNO3 (aq) + HNO2 (aq) (nitric and nitrous acid) P2O5 (g) + H2O (l) 2H3PO4 (aq) (phosphoric acid) Metal (basic) oxides: K2O (s) + H2O (l) 2KOH (aq) (potassium hydroxide) Na2O (s) + H2O (l) 2NaOH (aq) (sodium hydroxide)
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acidic with pH 6.5 but we call it acid rain when it is pH is between 2 and 5.5. It is formed by chemicals created by the burning of fossil fuels‚ power plants‚ factories and auto mobiles. These chemicals are sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide. Sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide react with water in the atmosphere and eventually fall back to earth’s surface as an acid deposition. Shanghai is a city which is located on eastern coast of China. It is a strong commercial and industrial base city in China
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that is polluted by acid. Emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere cause this precipitation to become acidic. These emissions are released into the atmosphere by human activity‚ such as automobiles‚ industries‚ and electrical power plants that burn fossil fuels like coal and oil. When these gases are released‚ they mix with water vapor in the clouds and form sulfuric and nitric acids. When sulfuric and nitric acids are released into the atmosphere‚ they travel long distances
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This factor can be considered as one of the most important factor that influence the pH of the water. Soils contain calcium‚ limestone and a layer of sand or gravel with a granite base. The calcium and limestone are able to neutralize sulphuric or nitric acid. Due to the neutralizing effect‚ the pH of the natural water will be higher if the bedrock is composed of limestone. Therefore‚ the acidity of natural water would be offset or buffered due to the higher pH. Besides‚ the dumping of chemical
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H2(g) Sulphuric acid + Zinc Zinc Sulphate + Hydrogen H2SO4(aq) + Zn(s) ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g) Nitric acid + Aluminium Aluminium Nitrate + Hydrogen 2HNO3(aq) + 2Al(s) 2AlNO3(aq) + H2(g) 2. ACID + BASE –––––––> SALT + WATER Hydrochloric acid + Copper II Oxide Copper II Chloride + Water HCl(aq) + CuO(s) CuCl(aq) + H2O(l) Nitric acid + Aluminium Oxide Aluminium Nitrate + Water 6HNO3(aq) + Al2O3(aq) 2Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3H2O(l) 3. ACID + ALKALI –––––––>
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