drug resistance – occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites change in ways that render the medications used to cure the infections they cause ineffective. When the microorganisms become resistant to most antimicrobials they are often referred to as “superbugs”. This is a major concern because a resistant infection may kill‚ can spread to others‚ and imposes huge costs to individuals and society. We are now on the brink of losing this precious arsenal of medicines
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Systematic reviews and meta-analysis of 124 published studies from 30 countries‚ found that people with tattoos were almost three times more likely to have hepatitis C as those without tattoos. Diseases such as hepatitis B‚ tuberculosis and HIV. Skin infections are also common from tattoos. Many of these causes are due to unhealthy conditions not only in the tattoo establishments; but in homes where many people are doing tattoos as side work from home without being regulated or licensed. It’s shocking
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Pertussis‚ or whooping cough‚ is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the lungs and airways. The spread of whooping cough among countries despite the existence of vaccines makes the diagnosis important.1 Diagnosing pertussis in its early stages can be difficult because of the similar symptoms of other diseases of the respiratory tract such as bronchitis‚ cold and flue.2 It is important to know that pertussis can be controlled if the patients are diagnosed early .Since pertussis is acute infectious
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Krupa Patel Midterm Assignment Microbiologist and Nobel Prize winner Joshua Lederberg first coined the phrase “emerging infectious diseases” to describe infections that were newly appearing in a population or having existed but rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range.1 Emerging diseases can be attributed to either true emergence (i.e. a newly appearing pathogen that has not been present)‚ increased recognition (i.e. a pathogen that was present in a population but has only recently
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Introduction Osteomyelitis is an ancient disease dating back to 460 BC (Schmitt‚ 2017). It is a bone infection‚ usually caused by bacteria‚ that can be either acute or chronic. This condition usually occurs as a result of an infection in one part of the body that is transported through the bloodstream to a bone in a distant location. Most cases stem from Diabetes because bacterial infections are a large risk factor for the diabetic patient due to high glucose levels weakening the immune system.
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from an infected host individual or a con- specific (belonging to the same species) individual or group‚ regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected. MODES OF INFECTION The main modes of infection are categorized into three; Direct Indirect Airborne 1. DIRECT MODE OF INFECTION DIRECT TRANSMISSION By direct or immediate transfer of the agent to an appropriate portal of entry by personal contact‚ e.g. touching‚ biting‚ kissing‚ sexual intercourse By the
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Features and outcomes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in Egypt‚ single center experience prospective study Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the infection of the ascetic fluid that occur in the absence of a visceral perforation and in the absence of an intraabdominal inflammatory focus such as abscess‚ acute pancreatitis or cholecystitis (Guarner C and Soriano G‚ 2007). Since its initial description in 1964‚ research has transformed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
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Evidence is growing that infection with the Zika virus can cause birth defects in a baby‚ the defect known as microcephaly‚ a smaller than normal head and brain. These children may also have facial distortions‚ seizures‚ difficulty with coordination and balance‚ impaired thinking
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Communicable Diseases and Skin Disorders (13 questions) Common terms that are applied to skin lesions: Erythema – A reddened area caused by increased amounts of unoxygenated blood in the dermal vasculature. Ecchymoses (bruises) – Localized red or purple discolorations caused by extravasation of blood into the dermis and subcutaneous tissues Petechiae – Pinpoint‚ tiny‚ and sharp circumscribed spots in the superficial layers of the epidermis Primary lesions- Skin changes produced by a causative
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with the virus. You may get some secondary infections such as a sinus infection and strep throat. The only major complication that can happen but is rare is splenic rupture‚ which can occur 4 days to 3 weeks after you began to have symptoms. Any person that is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis should avoid any vigorous activity or contact sport for a minimum of one month to prevent splenic rupture‚ since it could be swollen from the infection. Due to infectious mononucleosis being a virus
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