Case Study #32 Musculoskeletal Disorders 1. An x-ray examination of the thoracic spine reveals osteopenic changes at T7. What does this mean? Osteopenia means that the bone is thinning which could lead to fractures. Bone thinning leads to osteoporosis. Decreased bone density occurs as people age. BMD determines bone strength and it peaks around 25-30 years of age. After these peak years‚ bone breabsorption exceeds bone building which causes a decrease in bone density. Ignatavicius‚ D.‚ D.
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List of skin conditions Acne A common inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous (oil secreting) glands of the skin causing inflamed red pimples on the face and neck. Most people affected by acne are aged between 12 and 25. However‚ men and women in their 30s and 40s can also suffer. There are many treatments available to help deal with the condition. Alopecia Alopecia means sudden hair loss. There are many different causes and patterns of hair loss. Any area can be involved including eyebrows and
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Causes An interaction between biophysical factors and traumatic situations may cause anxiety disorders. Neurotransmitters of the central nervous system like norepinephrine and serotonin‚ peptides like corticotropin-releasing factor are the major mediators for the cause of anxiety disorder. Biological Low levels of GABA‚ a neurotransmitter that reduces activity in the central nervous system‚ contribute to anxiety. A number of anxiolytics achieve their effect by modulating the GABA receptors
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the main characteristics of the anxiety disorder and (b) name and (c) describe four anxiety disorders Anxiety disorders are a class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety. There are 5 principle types of anxiety disorders: Generalized anxiety disorder – chronic‚ high level of anxiety not tied to any specific threat. Phobic disorder – persistent irrational fear of object or situation that presents no danger. Panic disorder – recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety
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SODIUM DISORDERS * Identify specific types of hyponatremia and hypernatremia using diagnostic criteria and assessment questions * Hyponatremia * Mild: 125-130 * Nausea‚ Malaise * Moderate: 115-125 * HA‚ Lethargy‚ Restlessness‚ Disorientation * Severe: <115 * Seizures‚ Coma‚ Resp/Brainstem damage * Hypernatremia * Mild: 145-160 * Asymptomatic * Moderate: 160-180
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Body Dysmorphic Disorder Body dysmorphic disorder is a body-image disorder characterized by chronic and invasive preoccupations with an imagined or sight defect in one’s appearance. To a person with body dysmorphia‚ their flaws are highly significant and prominent. They are capable of disliking any part of their body. However‚ it is most likely that they will find an issue with their skin‚ nose‚ chest‚ stomach‚ or hair. There is no evidence on whether they view these flaws realistically. There is
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A. The eighth personality disorder is Avoidant personality disorder 1. People with avoidant personality disorder hope they can have friends but don’t because they are very shy and hate attention a) Michael Jackson is a famous singer with avoidant personality disorder he used to wear masks in public to not have attention and he even built an amusement park on his land so he would not have to be around people in public parks. 2. Try to avoid people and social situations due to fears of rejection and
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A small list of anxiety disorders are the panic disorder‚ agoraphobia‚ social phobia‚and the obsessive compulsive disorder. This entire list of disorders all have to do with how people react to and deal with stressful moments and situations in their lifetime. The panic disorder relates to panic attacks‚ when people randomly become extremely shaky and stressed (Ediger‚2015). A panic attack is said to be your body’s natural response to being threatened. When someone has an attack‚ they immediately
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media‚ in clothing ads‚ and on television shows‚ leading girls to over exercise and develop eating disorders. It is no surprise that teenage girls are constantly faced with a moral‚ emotional‚ and physical conundrum. During this stage of their lives‚ teenage girls are quick to follow their emotions‚ as they do not always think of the consequences of their actions beforehand. Not only can eating disorders affect their physical and emotional health‚ but it can also affect their mental health as well.
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1. Diagnostic criteria: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a disorder in which the individual has “persistent and intrusive preoccupations with an imagined or slight defect” in their appearance (Anxiety and Depression Association of America‚ 2014). DSM-5 classifies BDD in the section of “Obsessive – Compulsive and Related Disorders” and the diagnostic criteria is as follows (Katharine Phillips‚ n.d.): • Appearance preoccupations for at least an hour a day: the individual must be preoccupied with
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