ABSTRACT The extraction of pectin from orange peels has been studied at different sample to solvent ratios‚ different PHs and with different extraction techniques using water. The amount of pectin extracted reduces as the PH increased. This research work is been carried out in order to determine the process condition that will result in high yield of pectin and residual oil extracted from orange peels using the methanol pre-treatment to extract orange peel oil and hydrochloric acid for
Premium PH Acetic acid Ester
different rate constant. The findings from Part B of the experiment proved that the reaction followed the SN1 mechanism‚ with the increased concentration of water in the water/acetone mixture causing the reaction rate to increase due to the usage of polar solvents to stabilize the carbocation being produced during this mechanism in the slow‚ rate-determining step [5]. However‚ there were errors in the experiment‚ which led to the results being slightly off from theory‚ such as the lower than expected
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Oxygen
Conclusion The purpose of this experiment was to discover the chemical properties that copper has when reacting with other chemicals and how it changes physically during these processes. (Department of Chemistry‚ 2013) This was achieved through many types of reactions‚ such as a redox reaction‚ double displacement‚ decomposition reaction and single displacement depending on the chemical properties in relation to copper of the other substances when it was added with copper. Copper was either in an
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction
(b) What peak represents the base peak? (c) Propose plausible molecular structures for the hydrocarbon. (d) Propose structures for the fragment ions at m/z = 57‚ 43‚ and 29 based on your answer (c). 13. Match a structure from the list below to the following IR spectra. Place the letter of the structure in the blank to the left of
Premium Nuclear magnetic resonance Spectroscopy Chemistry
Lab for Chemistry 221 Lab: How much sugar is in a Can of Coke? Abstract: A 50mL (we used 100mL) volumetric flask was used to determine the amount of sugar in a can of Coke per mL in 5 different solutions. Using the calibration curve we determine the amount of sugar per mL in a can of coke. This experiment concluded that there is 43.83g of sugar in a 12oz can of Coke. Introduction: This experiment was conducted to determine the amount of sugar in a can of Coke and to and use a calibration
Premium Mass Kilogram Water
1_____2_____3_____4_____5_____6_____7_____8_____9_____TOTAL________ CHEM 237‚ FALL 2007 HOUR EXAM 1 Name________________________________________________________ TA Name _______________________ __& Section # _________________ Student #______________________________________________________ 1. (9 pts) Write a valid Lewis structure for each of the following. Show lone pairs and formal charges where necessary. Draw covalent bonds as lines. (a) bisulfate ion‚ HSO4- O HO S O (b) hydrogen cyanide
Premium Methane Ammonia Acetic acid
marbles • Liquids to test such as water‚ corn syrup‚ canola oil‚ motor oil • Masking tape • 1 cm ruler • Stopwatch that is accurate to 0.1 or 0.01 seconds SAFETY NOTE: See Texas Science Safety Manual for lab and investigation guidelines: http://www.tenet.edu/teks/science/safety/safety_manual.html Engagement: Place a wooden ramp on a stack of books. Challenge students to predict which of three liquids (syrup‚ water‚ and motor oil) will reach the bottom of the ramp first. Use one drop of each
Premium Water Laboratory glassware Chemistry
Extraction of Jathropa curcas Seed Fats and Oil and Identification and Characterization of Unknown Oil Jose G. Intano‚ Jr. and Niescee Eiscene Talaman University of the Philippines Visayas Miagao‚ Iloilo xdvm_apollo469@yahoo.com‚ messyisnessy@gmail.com Abstract The experiment had the objectives of extracting fats and oil from plant sample using 3:2 hexane-isopropanol solvent through Soxhlet method and of identifying and characterizing unknown oil sample using different chemical analyses
Premium Fatty acid
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Carbon atoms: * Carbon-carbon bonds are not easily broken * Each carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds * The C-H bond is almost non-polar Classifying organic compounds: * Number of carbon atoms in longest chain: meth‚ eth‚ prop‚ but‚ pent‚ hex‚ hept‚ oct‚ non‚ dec * If it is a branch: -yl; di‚ tri or tetra means there is more than one branch‚ ethyl means there are 2 carbons coming off the branch * If it is a ring of carbons put cyclo at the front of the
Premium Chemical bond Oxygen Atom
the densities and to find out the name of the unknown metals. (Based on the extensive and intensive properties) Check up the words mass‚ volume‚ density‚ extensive properties‚ and intensive properties. Where do the units for mass and volume) come from and what do they mean? What is the density of distilled water? What is Archimedes principle? Does temperature affect the density of a solid? Liquid? Gas? Materials: Safety glasses‚ 10‚ 25 or 50 mL graduated cylinders Distilled water Metal
Premium Water Liquid Density