Redox reactions (Redox terminology‚ galvanic cells‚ standard electrode potentials‚ strength of oxidizing/reducing agents‚ corrosion and protection against it) Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons and reduction is defined as the gain of electrons. Oxidizing agents‚ such as oxygen are defined as substances which accept electrons; reducing agents are substances which donate electrons. Redox reactions are: a) The reactions of metals with non-metals 2Na+Cl2→2Na+Cl- b) The reactions
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this reaction. The conversion of light energy can go through two pathways: noncyclic and cyclic. In noncyclic light transport‚ both Photosystems II and I are involved producing ATP and NADPH. Photosystem II absorbs 680 nm of light energy‚ with the oxidation of water; chlorophyll absorbs light‚ entering an excited state and becomes very unstable. It quickly returns to ground state by releasing the absorbed energy to another chlorophyll. The chlorophyll then oxidizes an electron‚ which goes into the electron
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INTRODUCTION Oregano (Scientific name: Origanum vulgare) is also known as Wild Marjoram‚ Mountain Mint‚ Origanum‚ Wintersweet and Winter Marjoram. This erectly spreading plant has strong aromatic characteristics‚ with leaves and stems that are fleshy. The leaves of oregano are heart-shaped‚ with toothed edges‚ and which‚ grow for up to 9 meters in length. In other countries‚ the plant is primarily used as a culinary ingredient. However‚ in countries like the Philippines‚ Oregano is a known herbal
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considered as a measure for TOC [83]. The TOC content was measured 22.15 mg l -1 . An oxidation experiment was carried on 100 ml of the same IC solution of 10 -4 mol l -1 of pH = 8 with H 2 O 2 of 0.025 mol l -1 in the presence of CAT1 with a concentration of 80 mg l -1 . The dye and its colored conjugated products are very rapidly decolorized within 1 hr and left for another hour for complete oxidation. The catalyst was separated by filtration and the filtrate was acidified‚ purged‚ and
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The reaction can be written as: ATP ® ADP + Pi + energy The regeneration of ATP from ADP requires energy‚ which is obtained in the process of oxidation. The energy released in the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats initiates a complex series of chemical reactions that ultimately regenerate ATP molecules from ADP molecules. The complete oxidation of a typical molecule of fat results in the formation of about 150 molecules of ATP. ATP was discovered in muscle tissue by scientists in Germany and
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V. HAZADOUS WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS Presently‚ the hazardous waste treatment technologies are highly developed from the decade before due to the more environmental and ecosystem concerning. Moreover‚ hazardous waste not threaten only environment but also to human hygiene and health. However‚ one of the most dangerous hazardous waste is dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Addition‚ DDT is used as a majority pesticide during agriculture revolution period‚ and also uses to regulate Malaria in developing
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decomposition of calcium acetate or the carbohydrate fermentation of corn starch or molasses. The ready availability of propylene in the 1960s led to routes based on the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol or cumene peroxidation. (1) By Cumene Oxidation (Hock Process). Propene is added to benzene [71-43-2] to form cumene [98-82-8]‚ which is then oxidized by air to cumene hydroperoxide‚ and cleaved in the presence of an acid catalyst like zeolite. Phenol [108-95-2] and acetone [67-64-1] produced
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release large amounts of energy. However‚ the energy release is uncontrolled. An organism would not be able to handle all that energy at once to do the work of the cell. Cellular respiration is essentially the same reaction as combustion‚ but the oxidation of glucose occurs in several controlled steps. The same amount of energy is ultimately released‚ but it is gradually released in small‚ controlled amounts. High potential energy molecules of ATP are produced while the carbon atoms are used to form
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endproduct. Respiration occurs in three major stages: 1) Glycolysis – occurs in the cytoplasm for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells • One glucose (6C) is broken into two 3C molecules – 2 pyruvic acids (pyruvate) • One oxidation step produces two molecules of reduced coenzyme – 2NADH • One step produces energy in the form of ATP – 2ATP • The pyruvic acids continue to the next stage – the Krebs Cycle • The 2 NADH proceed to the third stage –
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period I 5-12-11 Iron-Gall Ink I. Objective: The objective of this lab was to make our own ink and write an elemental haiku. We had to mix numerous amounts of liquids to make the ink. II. Materials: First we needed to get safety glasses to protect our eyes from any chemicals‚ we could have used aprons but we didn’t really need to. A hot plate to heat up the water. 200 ml tap water‚ three 250 ml beakers‚ one heat-proof glass funnel. Filtered paper‚ vinegar‚ hydrogen peroxide‚ a
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