electricity. Electrolysis of the alumina/cryolite solution gives aluminium at the cathode and oxygen at the anode. 4Al3+ + 12e- 4Al (aluminium metal at the (-) cathode) reduction. 6O2- - 12e- 3O2 (oxygen gas at the (+) anode) oxidation. Aluminium is more dense than the alumina/cryolite solution and so it falls to the bottom of the cell where it can be tapped off as pure liquid metal. The overall reaction is aluminium oxide aluminium + oxygen. 2Al2O3(l)
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cane straw waste as pozzolanic material for construction: Calcining temperature and kinetic parameters [27] Garayo‚ J. and Moreira‚ R. (2002). Vacuum frying of potato chips. J. Food Eng.‚ 55: 181-191. [29] Gray‚ J.I.‚ (1978). Measurement of lipid oxidation: A review. J [31] Gupta‚ M. K. ( 2005) . Frying oil‚ Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products‚ Sixth Edition‚ Six [32] Hamilton‚ R. J.‚ Kalu‚ C.‚ Prisk‚ E.‚ Padley‚ F. B.‚ Pierce‚ H. (1997). Chemistry of free radicals in lipids. Food Chemistry 60:
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peroxodisulphate and iodide ions is given by the following equation: S2O¬82- (aq) + 2 I- (aq) 2 SO42- (aq) + I2 (aq) The structure of the peroxodisulphate ion‚ with oxidation states‚ is shown below: (Structure) The changes in oxidation state within the reaction are as follows: Element Oxidation state in reactant Oxidation state in product Oxidised or reduced? S (in S2O82-) +6 +6 NO CHANGE O (in middle of S2O82-) -1 -2 REDUCED O (at end of S2O82-) -2 -2 NO CHANGE I -1 0 OXIDISED Therefore
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SCH 4U1 FINAL EXAM REVIEW ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE 1. Describe the wave mechanical model of the atom. 2. Write the ground state electron configuration for Br. 3. Explain why the first ionization energy for Ne is significantly greater than Na. 4. Distinguish between ionization energy and electronegativity. 5. How does VSEPR Theory account for the fact that the bond angle in H2O is less than NH3? 6. Which of the following molecules are polar? Include diagrams
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Introduction and Hypothesis: Rust is a reddish or yellowish-brown flaky coating of iron oxide that is formed on iron or steel by oxidation‚ especially in the presence of moisture. The rusting process is electrochemical‚ meaning it forms from a chemical reaction which takes place in a solution where there is an electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution. In the case of rusting‚ the transfer of electrons from iron to oxygen begins the electrochemical process
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ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING INTRODUCTION * Sometimes it is referred to as spark machining‚ * Its a manufacturing process whereby a desired shape is obtained using electrical discharges (sparks). * Material is removed from the workpiece by a series of rapidly recurring current discharges between two electrodes‚ separated by a dielectric liquid and subject to an electric voltage. * One of the electrodes – ‘tool-electrode’ or ‘tool’ or ‘electrode’. * Other electrode - workpiece-electrode
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body beginning with the cell Cells Tissues OrgansOrgan SystemsOrganisms 6. Differentiate between a photoautotroph and chemoheterotroph Photoautotrophic organisms make their own food Chemoheterotrophic organisms obtain energy from the oxidation of organic compounds 7. What is photosynthesis and where does it take place? Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other autotrophic organisms to convert light energy‚ normally from the sun‚ into chemical energy that can be used to fuel
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severe hypermetabolism. They worked on three points : abnormal mitochondria in muscle‚ a great correlation between biochemical abnormalities and clinical features (uncontrolled muscle metabolism)‚ and biochemicaldocumentation of "loose coupling" of oxidation and phosphorylation in isolated muscle mitochondria. In 1985‚ a general biochemical classification of the mitochondrial diseases was proposed‚ based on defects of substrate transport
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The reason for this experiment was to figure out which solution would prevent the apples from browning the most and to determine if pH has an effect on the prevention of browning of the apples. My hypothesis stated that white grape juice would prevent the apples from browning the most. This hypothesis was refuted‚ lemon was actually the solution that prevented the browning of the apples the most. Before the apples were dipped in the solution‚ the average rating of the apples on a scale of 0 to 5
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medical wastes are not well understood during the process of incineration. Thus‚ the aim of this work is to investigate pyrolysis and oxidation kinetics of the medical wastes‚ including cottons‚ gauzes‚ saline bottles‚ stomach medicines with the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) method. Experimentally‚ the degradation of cottons and saline bottles in pyrolysis and oxidation occurred at about 530 K and 510 K as well as 630 K and 530 K‚ respectively. Oxygen affects the degradation reaction of cottons and
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