into 2 3-carbon molecule pyruvate molecules. 2) Link reaction – the conversion of the 3-carbon pyruvate molecule into CO2 and a 2-carbon molecule called acetylcoenzyme A. 3) Krebs cycle – the introduction of acetylcoenzyme A into a cycle of oxidation-reduction reactions that yield some ATP and a large number of electrons. 4) Electron Transport Chain – the use of the electrons produced in Krebs to synthesis ATP with water produced as a by-product. Glycolysis is the initial stage of both aerobic
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inside‚ providing the oxygen for the reaction between iron and oxygen. Inside the hand warmer‚ there is also activated charcoal‚ which is charcoal that has been heated in the presence of an oxidizer. It holds in all the water that is needed for the oxidation to start‚ and it also conducts heat so that the heat spreads out evenly. In addition to these three main ingredients‚ there is also vermiculite‚ which is hydrated magnesium aluminum silicate. The vermiculite‚ when heated‚ becomes very light and absorbent
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agent. d. Cr(s) is the reducing agent and Cr3+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. e. Cr(s) is the reducing agent and Sn4+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. 2. The following reaction occurs spontaneously. 2 H+(aq) + Ca(s) Ca2+(aq) + H2(g) Write the balanced oxidation half-reaction. a. 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– H2(g) b. 2 H+(aq) H2(g) + 2 e– c. H2(g) 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– d. Ca(s) + 2 e– Ca2+(aq) e. Ca(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 e– 3. Write a balanced half-reaction for the reduction of CrO42–(aq) to Cr(OH)3(s) in a basic solution
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malunggay and affect the quality of the tea. The malunggay leaves will only be air-dried to wilt and remove excess moisture and it only needs a very light amount of oxidation. After the air drying‚ the next process is pan-drying. In this method‚ heat will be applied to the dried malunggay leaves by dry cooking it in hot pans. Minimal oxidation will happen during this process. To do this‚ heat the leaves in a pan with a very low fire to remove excess moisture and to sanitize it. The leaves should be constantly
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affect the rate of chemical reactions. The main purpose of enzymes in cellular respiration is to help in transporting electrons from one molecule to another. These transfers are called redox reactions. Where the loss of electrons from one molecule oxidation must correspond with more electrons to another substance known as reduction. Factors that would affect enzymes would be PH‚ temperature‚ enzyme concentration‚ substrate concentration. Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration and it means
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microorganisms. The sludge is largely converted to ’biogas’‚ a mixture of CH4 and CO2‚ which is used to generate electricity for the plant. The liquid is treated by bacteria which break down the organic matter remaining in solution. It is then sent to oxidation ponds where heterotrophic bacteria continue the breakdown of the organics and solar UV light destroys the harmful bacteria. The role of the laboratory A wide variety of analytical tests are used to determine the purity of the wastewater at various
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their cells and use the energy released to manufacture ATP by phosphorylating ADP. Many prokaryotes and virtually all Eukaryotes phosphorylate ADP either through fermentation (anaerobic) or respiration (aerobic). Both of these processes involve oxidation of foodstuffs‚ yet only the latter requires oxygen. Cellular respiration is a very complex process that consists of many steps that take place inside the cell‚ in an organelle called a mitochondrion. Mitochondria are responsible for converting digested
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Discuss different strategies for producing wine with low or no SO2. Is there global demand from consumers for such wines? SO2‚ sulfur dioxide has been considered as one of the essential additives for making sound wine‚ which acts as antioxidant and antiseptic. History of sulfur in wine dates back to Roman times when they discovered that wine was kept fresh by burning sulfur candles inside empty wine vessels. However‚ the number of wines produced with low or no SO2 is increasing in these 10 years
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AP Chemistry Final Exam Review ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 1) Explain the difference between a qualitative and a quantitative measurement. Provide examples to illustrate this difference. Answer: A qualitative measurement is a measurement that gives descriptive‚ nonnumeric results; a quantitative measurement is a measurement that gives definite‚ usually numeric results. "The rock is heavy" would be a qualitative measurement. "The rock weighs 110
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Chemistry Equipment Symbols 1. Test Tube 2. Boiling Tube 3. Beaker 4. Conical Flask 5. Test Tube Holder/ Tongs /Clamp Stand 6. Measuring/Graduating 7. Funnel 8. Pipette Cylinder 9. Spatula 10. Tripod 11. Bunsen Burner 12. Glass Bulb 13. Burette 16. Condenser Pipette Changes of State Filtering Solutions 03-Nov
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