CHEM 2325 Organic Chemistry II Handout #1A – Alcohols 1) What type of orbital do the lone pair electrons on oxygen occupy in ethanol? A) σ B) π C) p D) sp E) sp3 2) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction below. 3) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction below. 4) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction below. 5) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction
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6. TREATMENT METHODS Screening‚ grit removal‚ flow equalization‚ sedimentation‚ or dissolved air flotation are used to reduce suspended solids (SS) load from sugar industry wastewater. Biological treatment includes aerobic and anaerobic process. Except biological methods‚ physico-chemical methods are also used for sugar industry wastewater treatment. 6.1 Biological methods Since‚ sugar industry wastewater contains mostly sugars and volatile fatty acids‚ which are easily biodegradable‚ therefore all
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Modified Winkler method for dissolved oxygen determination Abstract In this study the group has determined the presence of oxygen in sample through a modified winkler method. The amount of oxygen is determined through a series of reaction. A body of water can sustain life if dissolved oxygen is sufficed. Depletions in dissolved oxygen can cause major shifts in the kinds of aquatic organisms found in water bodies. Introduction The amount of dissolved oxygen present in water or wastewater
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Oxygen Oxygen and its compounds play a key role in many of the important processes of life and industry. Oxygen in the biosphere is essential in the processes of respiration and metabolism‚ the means by which animals derive the energy needed to sustain life. Furthermore‚ oxygen is the most abundant element at the surface of the Earth. In combined form it is found in ores‚ earths‚ rocks‚ and gemstones‚ as well as in all living organisms. Oxygen is a gaseous chemical element in Group VA of the periodic
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it is one of the major constituents of all hydrocarbon based fuels. By studying the response of hydrogen with respect to magnetic fields and the accompanying increased energy output‚ much can be learned and applied to other related fuels. In the oxidation/combustion of hydrocarbon fuels‚ it is the outer shell of the hydrogen that is combusted first. Hydrogen‚ the first element of the chemical periodic chart‚ has the atomic number 1 and the atomic weight 1.0079. Since it possesses only one electron
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UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN |Faculty |: |Faculty of Engineering & Science | |Unit Code |: |UEMK1013 | |Course |: |Chemical Engineering | |Unit Title |: |Chemistry for Engineering | |Year/ Semester |: |Year 1/ Trimester 1 | |Lecturer |: |Dr. Loh Han Chern
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can use the amount of ascorbic acid required to work out how much vitamin C is found in the other types of juice. This is known as a “redox reaction.” A “redox reaction” is also known as a “reduction-oxidation reaction”‚ it is when the oxidation number of the reactants is changed. (To change oxidation number‚ electrons must either be added to or removed from reactants.) Vitamin C‚ which is also known as ascorbic acid‚ is a water-soluble vitamin. Ascorbate/ vitamin C is also a highly effective antioxidant
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and sorting of proteins to cellular compartments including export Lysosomes-single membrane; interior is pH 5; cellular digestion: autophagy Peroxisomes-small and spherical; long chain fatty acid oxidation; lipid oxidation; O2 and H2O2 based reactions Mitochondria-ETC; generation of ATP; oxidation of pyruvate‚ fatty acids‚ amino acids; apoptosis; contain own DNA and reproduce dividing in two Chloroplasts – capture energy from sunlight; found in plants and algae; Know size ranges for the
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Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and oxygen and yields ATP. 2. Diagram for photosynthesis and respiration 3. What are redox reactions? What is the difference between reduction and oxidation reactions? Redox reactions are chemical reactions that transfer between reactants. In oxidation‚ a substance loses electrons. In reduction‚ a substance gains electrons. The electron donor is the reducing agent. The electron receptor is the oxidizing agent. 4. What electron carrier temporarily
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purpose of laboratory assignment 3 was to measure the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place. For the purpose of this lab we measured the rate a balanced oxidation/reduction reaction between iodine‚ hydrogen‚ and bromate ion occurs. The above reaction occurs slowly so we used a coupled iodine clock reaction to measure the rate of the oxidation/reduction reaction because it occurs much faster but is still dependent upon the other reaction. To accomplish this‚ two mixtures were prepared in separate
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