The TLC plate remained blank showing proof of no compound other than the hexane itself. This error was expected since in the first part of the experiment‚ oxidation of fluoreneto Fluorenone was supposed to be done to a 50-50 level. As mentioned earlier‚ the oxidation had carried out longer than expected and hence the sample contained little or none of the fluorene. Thus‚ no value of Rf were obtained for the fluorenein the experiment. When the solvent was switched
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May 1‚ 2013 Enzymes as Drug Targets Enzymes are defined as any of numerous proteins produced in living cells that accelerate or catalyze the metabolic processes of an organism. Enzymes are usually very selective in the molecules that they act upon‚ called substrates‚ often reacting with only a single substrate. The substrate binds to the enzyme at a location called the active site just before the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme takes place. Enzymes can speed up chemical reactions by up to
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Nitric Acid Nitric acid is an acid many people have come across in life. One may have felt nitric acid when touching fertilizers‚ or using dyes. Nitric acid appears in substances we never thing it would be used in. In fact‚ small contents of nitric is acid is found in raindrops that fall from the sky. Nitric acid‚ or known as NHO3aq is an acid formed from reaction of ammonia and oxygen. Nitric acid is a colourless acid when it’s pure‚ or can be found yellow or red. This acid can be very corrosive
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surfaces to prevent abrasion‚ scuffing‚ and contact fatigue. Antiwear additives enhance lubricant performance and extend equipment life. Oxidation Stability Oxidation stability is a hydraulic oil’s resistance to heat-induced degradation caused by a chemical reaction with oxygen. Hydraulic oils must contain additives that counteract the process of oxidation‚ improve the stability and extend the life of the fluid. Without these additives‚ the quality of the hydraulic oil will deteriorate quickly
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------------------------------------------------- The Processes of the nitrogen cycle Nitrogen fixation Atmospheric nitrogen must be processed‚ or "fixed" (see page on nitrogen fixation)‚ in order to be used by plants. Some fixation occurs in lightning strikes‚ but most fixation is done by free-living or symbiotic bacteria. These bacteria have the nitrogenase enzyme that combines gaseous nitrogen with hydrogen to produce ammonia‚ which is then further converted by the bacteria to make their own organic
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1a: Review Redox Assign Oxidation Numbers to the following: a. HNO3 b. PbSO4 c. (NH4)2Ce(SO4)3 Balance the following in acidic medium Al (s) + MnO4- (aq) Al3+ (aq) + Mn2+ (aq) Balance the following in a basic medium Mg (s) + OCl- (aq) Mg(OH)2 (s) + Cl- (aq) Balance the following Redox Reaction: The big nasty problem K4Fe(CN)6 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 KHSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + MnSO4 + HNO3 + CO2 +H2O 17.1: Galvanic Cells Review of Redox Reactions Oxidation: _______________________
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After 14 years of trial and error‚ he developed a process he called Appertizing. Fruits‚ vegetables‚ fish‚ or meat was sealed in stoppered bottles and the filled bottles were immersed in boiling water; the heat sterilized the bottles and food alike. Appert knew nothing of enzymes or bacteria‚ nor did anyone else in his day. He did observe that when food was heated in the sealed bottles‚ the food remained good as long as the seal was not broken. The food remained edible until the bottles were
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AC 10. Using the letters labeled on periodic table diagram provided below‚ identify An atom that has a tendency to gain 2 electrons B 11. Using the letters labeled on periodic table diagram provided below‚ identify An element with a common oxidation state of +2 BE 12. Using the atom diagrams provided below‚ identify the letter of the atom that matches the description: full valence shell E 13. Using the atom diagrams provided below‚ identify the letter of the atom that matches the description:
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PurposeIn this experiment‚ sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in acetic acid mixture was used to oxidize emdo-borneol (an alcohol) to camphor (a ketone). The product would then be purified by sublimation and then be analyzed by Infrared spectroscopy and melting point test. Procedure and ObservationsPlease refer to the lab manual and the carbon copy attached. Data and CalculationsWeight of endo-borneol = 0.2013gNo of moles of endo-borneol = 0.2013g/154.25g mol-1 = 1. 305mmolSince one mole of endo-borneol
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gradually over time all the apples did turn brown by the end. This can be seen in Table 1 where browning is recorded in all set positions. Within apples and many other fruits is an enzyme known as polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Through the process of oxidation‚ discolouration occurs within the apples as browning is correlated to enzymatic activity‚ such as polyphenol concentration and other factor of conditions that change optimality of an enzyme (Burda‚ Oleszek‚ & Lee‚ 1990). In the experiment‚ the apples
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