was used to determine the rate constant k of the synthesis of benzoic acid at different temperatures and ethanol concentrations. The reaction was carried out in a batch reactor‚ where ethyl benzoate was added to a mixture of water‚ ethanol‚ and sodium hydroxide. The agitation speed of the batch reactor was kept set at 250 rpm and the temperature was varied between 40°C and 45°C. The ethanol concentrations used for this experiment were 0.25M and 0.35M. The concentration of the samples were found
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to sugar and then to ethanol. · Starch is converted enzymatically to glucose either by diastase presents in sprouting grain or by fungal amylase. · The resulting dextrose is fermented to ethanol with the aid of yeast producing CO2 as co-product. A second co-product of unfermented starch‚ fiber‚ protein and ash known as distillers grain (a high protein cattle feed) is also produced. Cellulosic Materials: · Each step in the process of the conversion of cellulose to ethanol proceeded with 100%
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An Overview of the Ethanol Industry in Brazil. A Fair Cost of the Success? Oil as energetic source would be over within the next sixty years. It is the reason because countries around the world‚ but particularly industrialized or developed countries are encouraging the production of biofuels or agrofuels. However‚ the production of biofuels has different social‚ economic and environmental impacts in each country depending on its natural resources used for production as well as social and political
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Contents: Introduction Background Importance of Experiment Aim and Hypothesis Results Discussion Discoveries and Explinations Limitations Applications Conclusion Biography Introduction (482 words) This experiment measures the rate of change and efficiency of different burning alcohols. An alcohol‚ any of a class of organic compounds characterized by one or more hydroxyl (−OH) groups attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group (hydrocarbon chain). Alcohols are among the most common
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crystallize using ethanol and water. I chose these solvents based on part C of the experiment (table 1.1). The compound is too soluble in ethanol but too insoluble in water. Benzoic acid is a polar compound in comparison with ethanol which is a less polar compound. However at low temperatures benzoic acid is insoluble in water. Compounds are soluble in solvents with the same polarity‚ like dissolves like. Table 1.1 Benzoic Acid solubility Dissolve Heat Ice H2O No No No Ethanol Yes Yes Yes Hexane
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95% ethanol as the solvent‚ to calculate the amount of sulfanilamide that was recovered‚ and to determine the purity of the final product. Introduction In this experiment‚ recrystallization will be the method used to purify the solute sulfanilamide using ethanol as the solvent. Based on the solubility curve on the solubility versus temperature graph‚ the ideal solvent will allow the solute to be soluble at higher temperatures and insoluble at lower temperatures‚ thus making ethanol an excellent
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year. There are many options America could use to end this war on oil. Some of them include the use of ethanol‚ hybrid cars‚ and nuclear power plants. We do use some of these‚ but perhaps we need to expand their use instead of looking to the Middle East to continue to supply our needs. However‚ we have not taken the time‚ nor initiative to research some of these ideas further. For instance‚ ethanol as a fuel is available in some
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order to use the fuel [4]. Ethanol Ethanol is a biofuel used to run engines that originally used petrol. There are a few modifications done to the vehicle so that it can run efficiently on Ethanol. A vehicle with these modifications is classified as an FFV or a Flexible Fuel Vehicle [5]. Brazil is one of the countries that have embraced this technology into their system becoming the second largest producer of ethanol in the world by producing sugarcane based ethanol [6]. Through these developments
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In this investigation I will be burning alcohol ’s to heat up a can of water. I will be burning four alcohol ’s‚ methanol‚ ethanol‚ propanol and butanol. The aim is to find out how much energy is produced when burning these alcohols. Alcohol ’s react with oxygen in the air to form water and carbon dioxide. The reaction that is involved in burning alcohols is exothermic because heat is given out. From this reason the reactant energy is higher than that of the product. The energy is given out when
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of the capillary tube so it doesn’t just fall out once you tip it upside down inside the Thiele tube. 12. Wrap the glass capillary tube round the bottom of a thermometer and place inside the Thiele tube using a cork‚ which is full with paraffin oil. The paraffin oil had to be filled to a specific height in the Thiele tube as when we started to boil it‚ it could overflow and ruin the experiment. The elastic band had to be firmly wrapped around the thermometer and capillary tube to make sure it didn’t
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