against bacteria strains like Escherichia coli‚Pseudomonas aeruginosa ‚ Klebsiella pneumoniae‚ and Staphylococcus aureus.To be able to determine in which extract (aqueous or ethanol) the antibacterial capacity of Citrus sinensis is most effective. | 7. Variables used – independent and dependent | Independent Variable – Ethanol and Aqueous extracts Dependent Variable – Antibacterial activity | 8. Design of Experiment | | 9. Experimental Procedures | The in vitro antibacterial activity
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hydrogen bonding I believe that it will have the most energy change. Materials: -Lab apron-Safety glasses -250 ml beaker -Tap water-Ethanol -Glycerol -10 ml graduated cylinder - Two Styrofoam cups -Paper lid for cups -Thermometer Procedure: Refer to lab sheet. Observations: | Volume (mL) | Ti(c) | Tf(C) | T | Ethanol | 10 | 26 | 30 | 4 | Water | 10 | 26 | 30 | 4 | Glycerol | 10 | 26 | 27 | 1
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biofuels does possess some flaws. Today there are two main forms of biofuels: ethanol for vehicles running on gas engines‚ and fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable oils otherwise known as FAME‚ which are used for vehicles with diesel engines. Ethanol is created by sugar plants and other starchy plants. The processes through which these plants undergo to become fuels include fermentation to transform the sugars into ethanol‚ then a distillation process to separate the alcohol from water. It is important
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the absorbance. This experiment incorporated Beer’s Law and is focused on determining the stress that various alcohols have on biological membranes. Using five solutions of differing alcohol concentration for each of the three alcohols; methanol‚ ethanol‚ and 1-propanol and a small slice of beet‚ the stirred solution was placed into a plastic cuvette and then into a spectrophotometer and the absorbance of alcohol solutions were determined in order to conclude which alcohol and concentration of alcohol
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will become more readily available to all people. Problem solved‚ right? Then what of the gasoline woes? We need to reduce our emissions‚ oil use‚ and work domestically to fix this problem. Enter cleaner‚ safer‚ naturally grown‚ made in the USA ethanol. Ethanol can be used in place of gasoline‚ greatly reducing dependency of foreign oil‚ and
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a and b in ethanol at room temperature. Additionally‚ several reactions were performed using various catalysts in different reaction conditions and results are summarized in Table 1. The catalyst free reaction fails to produce selective benzimidazole and conversion of reactants in long reaction time and obtained only 21 % conversion with 13 % selective yield of c after 48 h reaction time (Table I‚ Entry 1). Later on‚ the same reaction performed at 80oC reaction temperature in ethanol without any
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This scientific report will be based on cellular respiration‚ or fermentation. In specific‚ how the type of sugar affects the rate of fermentation. The aim of this experiment was to find which type of sugar was best suited to produce ethanol. In the experiment‚ four different sugars were used‚ they included sucrose‚ glucose‚ lactose and fructose. This research is still relevant today‚ as alcohol is still consumed and is required on a large scale. This makes it crucial to companies to find the best
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intermediate. The carbocation intermediate is then immediately detained by the weak nucleophile in a fast‚ second step to give the product. A solution of ethanol with some silver nitrate may be added provided the weak nucleophile – the alcohol. If an SN1 reaction occurs‚ the alkyl halide will dissociate to form a carbocation‚ which will then react with the ethanol to form an ether. Since there is not a strong nucleophile present‚ the cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond is encouraged by the formation and precipitation
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The Identification and Production of Materials 1. Fossil fuels provide both energy and raw materials such as ethylene‚ for the production of other substances. Students Learn To: .2 Identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from the refining of petroleum. • Ethylene is produced either from natural gas or crude oil‚ which are mixtures of hydrocarbons. One method involves… Cracking: a process by which hydrocarbons with higher molecular
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