Cardiac - E 1 BAPTIST HEALTH School of Nursing NSG 4017: Critical Care Nursing Nursing Management of Patients with Altered Cardiovascular Function Georgia Seward I. Anatomy and physiology review A. Layers B. Chambers C. Heart valves D. Flow of blood E. Blood supply of myocardium 1. RCA 2. L Main 3. LAD 4. Circumflex F. Cardiac cycle 1. Systole 2. Diastole G. Cardiac output and cardiac index - SV x HR. CI = CO /body surface area. 1. Preload 2. Afterload H. Cardiac pressures p. 1557 of Black
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beta-blockers (Carvedilol). We will have a look at the last two classes. They have been PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The previous hemodynamic model was not adequate and was therefore replaced by neurohormonal model‚ which involves Reninangiotensin-aldosterone-system sympathetic nervous system1‚ (RAAS) 3 . RAAS and is summarized in Figure 1. The activation of RAAS leads to vasoconstriction‚ oedema and myocardial fibrosis‚ which are induced by Angiotensin II1. proven to be very efficient in HF by numerous
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history of acute myocardial infarction. Acute myocardial infarction causes myocyte function disruptions. Ms. Boehmer’s history of hypertension‚ smoking‚ and coronary artery disease causes myocardial workload to increase‚ contribute to inflammation‚ and neurohumoral changes. At the same time‚ it activates the sympathetic nervous systems (SNS) as well as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)‚ which can lead to ventricular remodeling. The myocardium dilates as the result of myocardial extracellular
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Executive Summary Fibrinolytic therapy has been a significant means of establishing reperfusion in patients whom have had a myocardial infarction or some sort of blood clot. However‚ limitations to the use of thrombolytic therapy that must be taken in to account are intracranial bleeding‚ inability to start thrombosis in Myocardial Infarction flow in patients‚ and high percentage of recurrent ischemia and reocclusion. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become known
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assessment process and one problem identified during the assessment and the nursing care which followed this. I was placed on a cardiac ward within the Trust for my phase four placement. The ward deals with patients who have acute cardiac conditions including myocardial infarction. The ward also accommodates those with chronic cardiac conditions such as congestive cardiac failure‚ pulmonary oedema and triple vessel disease. Patients awaiting cardiac surgery may have to wait quite a while on the ward
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disease is defined as presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function for three or more months‚ irrespective of the cause[1]. Persistent damage or decrease in kidney function for at least three months‚ is necessary to differentiate between acute and chronic renal disease. There are different stages of CKD and different diagnostic methods by which it can be diagnosed. Stages of CKD: Stage1 − GFR >90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 Stage 2 − GFR 60 to 89 mL/min per 1.73 m2 Stage 3a − GFR 45 to 59
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of diarrhea for the past 6 days‚ up to 5 times a day. She also reported loss of appetite and weakness; upon admission to the emergency room she vomited once and verbalized cramping in the upper abdominal region. She was admitted with acute infectious colitis‚ acute renal failure‚ and dehydration. Past surgeries include an appendectomy (removal of the appendix)‚ hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)‚ abdominal hernia repair‚ and bladder suspension (replacement of a sagging bladder into the normal
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is the buildup of plaque in the heart’s arteries that could lead to a myocardial infarction. However‚ coronary heart disease‚ or CHD‚ is actually a result of coronary artery disease‚ or CAD. With coronary artery disease‚ plaque accumulates within the walls of the coronary arteries until the blood flow to the heart is limited‚ causing ischemia. It may be chronic‚ caused by narrowing of the coronary artery over time. It can be acute‚ resulting from a sudden rupture and formation of a blood clot. The
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clearly documents the harmful effects of smoking and the decline in the number of smokers among the U.S Junker MH‚ et al. Acute sensory responses of nonsmokers at very low environmental tobacco smoke concentrations in controlled laboratory settings. Environ Health Perspect. 2001; 109 (10):1045–1052. Juster‚ Harlan R.‚ et al. "Declines in hospital admissions for acute myocardial in New York state after implementation of a comprehensive smoking ban." American Journal of Public Health 97.11 (2007):
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of Makati College of Allied Health Studies J. P. Rizal Extension‚ West Rembo‚ Makati City Center of Nursing Name: _____________________________________ Group: _______________________ 1. A 42-year-old client admitted with an acute myocardial infarction asks to see his chart. What should the nurse do first? a. Allow the client to view his chart b. Contact the supervisor and physician for approval c. Ask the client if he has concerns about his care d. Tell the client that he isn’t
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