There is a parlor game physics students play: Who was the greater genius? Galileo or Kepler? (Galileo) Maxwell or Bohr? (Maxwell‚ but it’s closer than you might think). Hawking or Heisenberg? (A no-brainer‚ whatever the best-seller lists might say. It’s Heisenberg). But there are two figures who are simply off the charts. Isaac Newton is one. The other is Albert Einstein. If pressed‚ physicists give Newton pride of place‚ but it is a photo finish -- and no one else is in the race. Newton’s claim
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E.M. INTERACTION WITH MATTER 1 SCATTERING of E.M. RADIATION Type of scattering depends on the e.m. energy‚ ~! wrt the electron energy: Ionization energy EI Rest-mass energy me c2 2 CLASSICAL MODEL E.M. wave interacting with an oscillating electron Frequency of oscillation is given by Coulomb energy: !02 = kC /me e.m. field adds a driving force at e.m. frequency !‚ F = Radiated power is related to the electron acceleration‚ a 2 ✓ ◆2 !4 2 cE (!02 ! 2 )2 0 cE02 = P/I0 ‚ I0 = The cross-section
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↔ c= 3.00 x 10⁸m/s B. QUANTIZED ENERGY AND PHOTONS • Blackbody Radiation o Perfect absorber and emitter of light o At high temperature‚ solids emit radiation o Radiation depends on the temperature not in the element the solid is made from. o PREDICTION: “As temperature increases‚ the frequency of light emitted also increases.” o OBSERVATION: There was a peak. • Photoelectric Effect and Photons o When a beam of light shines on a certain surface (e.g. some metals)‚ electrons
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Introduction: Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles found in all atoms. Electrons have particle-wave duality‚ meaning they exhibit characteristics of particles‚ and characteristics of waves. A wave is a periodic function‚ meaning that the function returns to the same value at regular intervals. Also‚ waves have crests and troughs‚ meaning there are repeated local maxima (crests) and minima (troughs). Waves also have a wavelength and frequency. The wavelength is the distance in
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The Effect of Varying Dosages of Gamma Radiation on the Growth of Corn (Zea mays L.)1 Montalbo‚ Josephine M. A- 1L September 7‚ 2013 1 A scientific paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Genetics laboratory under Prof. Cheryl D. Agdaca‚ 1st semester‚ A.Y. 2013-2014. ABSTRACT Exposure of corn plants to ionizing radiation such as gamma radiation can induce mutation. The purpose of this study was to
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Write something about Raman signal‚ where does it come from? What are the implications of Raman? Raman is the inelastic scattering of light. The meaning of inelastic scattering is observable from the figure below. When an electron is excited by photons of applied light‚ it jumps from ground state to higher sates. While scattering‚ there are various possible things that might happen. To explain Raman‚ I have mentioned three of them here. From the figure delineated below‚ we can see an elastic scattering
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particles of ordinary matter but have opposite charge and other particle properties such as lepton and baryon number. Encounters between particles and antiparticles lead to the annihilation of both‚ giving rise to varying proportions of high-energy photons (gamma rays)‚ neutrinos‚ and lower-mass particle–antiparticle pairs. Setting aside the mass of any product neutrinos‚ which represent released energy which generally continues to be unavailable‚ the end result of annihilation is a release of energy
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1. Atomic and Molecular Structure a. Students know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its atomic number and atomic mass. The Periodic Table organizes elements by their atomic number - from hydrogen (1) to whatever is the highest one currently known (>105). It is arranged so that similiar members fall in a list such as Chlorine Bromine etc.. The average atomic weight is usually shown with each element‚ but due to isotopes (caused buy nuclear varations)
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1. Define land resource surveying methodology. Identify the two approaches in land resource surveying methodology. 2. Discuss the contributions of Aristotle‚ Louise Deguerre‚ Argo‚ Loussedat and Deville in enriching the science of topographic surveying. 3. The atmosphere influences EMR in two ways. Discuss them. 1. According to Professor Masaka (2011) Land resource survey methodology can be defined as the starting point for any natural resource management policy has to be an inventory of
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