Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradation This document provides an in‐depth explanation‚ detailing the processes of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation. It is intended for general audiences and will provide the reader with the necessary information to understand what is happening during the biodegradation process. For those interested in the biochemical processes of the microbial organisms this document will provide a high level explanation of the aerobic and anaerobic processes. Biodegradation
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AP bio final study Study online at quizlet.com/_6ovb5 1. 2 carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate falling statoliths trigger gravitropism 2 9. acrosomal reaction 2. a botanist discovers a plant that lacks the ability to form starch grains in root cells‚ yet the roots still grow downward. This evidence refutes the long standing hypothesis that A human red blood cell in an artery of the left arm is on its way to deliver
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yeast undergoes alcohol fermentation in order to continue ATP production but also to recycle NAD+ that is needed for glycolysis. Without this recycling‚ glycolysis and therefore cellular respiration cannot proceed and organism will die. o How efficient is fermentation- 2% (2 ATP) efficient compared to aerobic respiration‚ which is 39% (36 ATP) efficient at capturing the energy released in the form of ATP o What amylase does to starch- Breaks down starch to individual glucose units o What gas is
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Definition 2. Catabolism 3. Anabolism B. Coupling of Cellular Reaction 1. Free Energy Change 2. Calories 3. Exergonic Reactions 4. Endergonic Reactions C. Oxidation and Energy Production 1. Oxidation 2. Reduction D. Biochemical Pathways for Glucose Catabolism 1. Aerobic Respiration Page 1 2. Anaerobic Respiration 3. Fermentation E. Catabolism of Other Macromolecules 1. Catabolism of Lipids 2. Catabolism of Proteins F. Photosynthesis Page 2 BIO 2924 Mr. Smith Unit III Enzymes
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energy IMPORTANT TERMS Energy- the ability to do work Thermodynamics- the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe Metabolism- all the chemical reactions in a cell Photosynthesis- is the anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy Cellular Respiration- catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)- the most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy Thylakoids-
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Exam 3 Review Sheet Equation for cellular respiration‚ be able to follow carbons from glucose to carbon dioxide Four stages of cellular respiration Glycolysis‚ location‚ three phases‚ output. Breakdown of pyruvate‚ location‚ input and output Citric acid cycle‚ overall goal‚ main processes. Oxidative phosphorylation‚ electron transport chain‚ final acceptor Chemiosmosis‚ role of H ions‚ role of ATP synthase Fermentation‚ steps in the process‚ alcoholic and lactate‚ where each occurs Be able
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Chapter 2 Cellular respiration and ATP synthesis By the end of this chapter you should be able to: a outline the stepwise breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration; f explain the significance of the Krebs cycle in ATP formation; b explain the sequence of steps in glycolysis; g c describe the structure of a mitochondrion‚ relating its structure to its function; explain the process of oxidative phosphorylation with reference to the electron transport chain;
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conversion‚ there is a one-way flow of energy back to the environment Sunlight energy reaches Earth. Producers secure some and convert it to stored forms of energy. They and all other organisms convert stored energy to forms that can do cellular work. Energy Lost Free Energy • It takes energy to break chemical bonds • Free energy – energy available to do work in any system • Endergonic reactions – Products contain more free energy than reactants – Do not proceed spontaneously
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letter of your choice on your answer sheet. D 1. DNA is unique among molecules in that it can a. form multipolymer complex c. withstand very high temperatures b. come apart and re-form d. replicate itself B.2. Which of the following cellular organelles breaks down complex macromolecules‚ such as polysaccharides and proteins? a. Golgi complex b. lysosome c. rough ER d. mitochondrion A.3. The most abundant lipid in a cell membrane a. phospholipids b. steroid c. cholesterol d.
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ATP OR ATP and its roles in living organisms The nature/structure of ATP and its importance as energy currency. Production and use of ATP in cytoplasm by glycolysis Production of ATP by mitochondria in Krebs cycle and ETS – aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration. Role of chloroplasts in ATP production via light independent reaction Uses e.g. Active transport (carrier protein shape changes)‚ Nerve action (maintaining resting potentials via Na+/K+ pump and resynthesis of ACh)‚ selective reabsorption
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