| Chapter 9 Chapter Summary/Lecture Organizer | I. STUDYING DEVELOPMENT - Developmental psychology is the study of age-related changes in behavior and mental processes from conception to death (Table 9.1). The chapter takes a topical approach including physical‚ cognitive‚ and social-emotional development.. A. Theoretical Issues – The three most important issues guiding research in human development are: nature versus nurture‚ continuity versus stages‚ and stability versus change
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change on children in today’s world. The article‚ “Kids Really Are Different These Days‚” discusses how “Upper elementary children today‚ while retaining many of the characteristics ascribed to them generations ago by theorists such as Piaget‚ Erikson‚ and Kohlberg‚ are different” (Coyl‚ 2009‚ p.404). Diana D. Coyle discusses how physical development‚ media and technology‚ self-understanding‚ and emotional competence impact students and make them different from previous generations; even differentiating
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p. 221). There are two major theories of moral development: Piaget ’s and Kohlberg ’s. These two are similar in that they are both stage theories related to cognitive development‚ but Kohlberg sees moral development as a more complex and longer process than Piaget ’s theory. Piaget ’s two-stage model proposes a premoral period where preschool children are indifferent about rules and make them up as they go along. At about age 5‚ Piaget described children ’s mortality as heteronomous‚ where rules
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Jean Piaget 1896-1980 Structuralist/ Cognitive Development Worked with Alfred Binet on parts of the first intelligent test Criticized for doing research on own children Structuralist – universal stages of psychological development‚ each stage represents a qualitative difference –the way a person thinks or solves a conflict Universal Constructiveness – the stages of development are universal and the child constructs his development. Schema –patterns of organize thought and behavior Internalize
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made to our understanding of personality development. According to psychologist Jean Piaget‚ children progress through a series of four key stages of cognitive development marked by shifts in how they understand the world. Piaget believed that children are like "little scientists" and that they actively try to explore and make sense of the world around them. Through his observations of his own children‚ Piaget developed a stage theory of intellectual development that included four distinct stages:
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to punishment. Identity achievement- A state of consolidation reflecting conscious‚ clear- cut decisions concerning occupation and ideology. identity diffusion- Inability to develop a clear direction or sense of self. moral dilemmas- In Kohlberg theory of moral reasoning‚ hypothetical situations that require a person t consider values of right and wrong. moratorium- Experimentation with occupational and ideological choices without definite commitment. parallel play- Play in which children
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is that the judgment of person. Jean Piaget is the most renowned psychologist for his work on moral development. However‚ his theory was limited and not developed as Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory‚ but Piaget made a favour for Kohlberg by provided him the starting point of the studying. Starting with Piaget’s theory‚ which was focused on children and how do they recognise right and wrong. It is worth to know that moral development has been divided by Piaget to three age stages‚ the first stage is
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Factors Governing Development THIS WILL TALK ABOUT THE EDUCATION AND CULTURE WHICH ARE THE FACTORS THAT GOVERNS DEVELOPMENT What is Child Development? Child development is a process every child goes through. This process involves learning and mastering skills like sitting‚ walking‚ talking‚ skipping‚ and tying shoes. There are 5 main areas of development: Cognitive Development Speech and Language Development Social and Emotional Development Gross Motor Skill Development Fine Motor Skill Development
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Psychodynamic Social Learning Conflict Developmental Theories Theories of moral reasoning (Kohlberg‚ Gilligan) Theories of cognition (Piaget) Transpersonal theories of human development (Transpersonal – means beyond or through the persona or mask. Going beyond identity rooted in the individual body or ego to include spiritual experience or higher levels of consciousness.) Stage theories – Erikson Primary Perspectives Strengths Feminist Eco-Systems Current Social Work Practice Models
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pro-social reasoning. In your answer‚ refer to Piaget and Kohlberg’s theories. (12 marks) A01 Kohlberg and Piaget’s theories both have a number of similarities – one of these is their emphasis on wrong doing and justice. However‚ Eisenberg’s theory or pro-social reasoning concentrates on positive behaviours and the reasoning behind them‚ rather than focusing on negative actions. Einsenberg has overlap and similarities with her predecessor Kohlberg‚ however. She believed that pro-social reasoning
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