The moral debate of relativism versus objectivism is one that confronts a moral question that philosophers have been debating for many years. The ultimate question brought about in the debate is whether morality is based solely on individual choice and cultural approval‚ or are there universally valid moral principles. With this essay I will present the arguments for each view and I will also argue for the position I favor: moral objectivism. Relativism is the view that states that moral principles
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opposition‚ Louis P. Pojman makes a great counter attack. He agrees with Herskovitz in that social morality does indeed differ from culture to culture‚ but that does not make them necessarily right. He continues his argument by accentuating that if conventional relativism is accepted‚ then racism genocide of unpopular minorities‚ oppression of the poor‚ slavery‚ and even the advocacy of war for its own sake are as equally moral as their opposites. I believe this is where Pojman solidifies his argument
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when accidental or purposeful evil occurs‚ it is only the humans’ responsibility. However‚ this does not follow through. Can it be called good when a bystander knowingly does not help when witnessing a horrible event? Johnson says‚ “Certainly not” (Pojman 121). Good would be the bystander taking action and stepping in to help those suffering. So then‚ is it right to say that God is good for not interfering as a bystander? Again‚ certainly not. Standing by allows the suffering and evil to continue‚
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism In the article‚ “Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism”‚ Louis P. Pojman explained the grounds on which utilitarianism has been attacked and showed some possible response to its defenders which imply his positive attitude towards utilitarianism [1] . In order to argue that thesis‚ Pojman’s one important premise is the response to the no-rest objection. He believed that the agent should aim at maximizing his or her own happiness as well as other people’s
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Pojman is relating the novel “Lord of the flies” to the account of Hobbes’s morality‚ by saying that in a way they are agreeing with each other. Hobbes is explaining the function of morality‚ why we need morality. Hobbes is say that we have rational and egoistic natures. Pojman believes that morality is a set of rules that consists of; keeping society from falling apart‚ to make human suffering better‚ to promote human flourishing‚ to resolve conflicts of interest in orderly ways and to assign
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issue of morality. Could a person who makes moral decisions unhappily be as moral as a person who makes them happily? One philosophy on that issue ranges as far back as Plato and Aristotle‚ this is the concept of virtue-based ethical systems. Pojman writes‚ “Virtue ethics centers on the heart of the agent-in his or her character.” Virtue ethics seeks to mold the agent into a better person‚ not only guide their actions. The Aretaic Critique Of Action-Based Ethical Systems
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Bentham’s motto was‚ "Morality and law were made for man‚ not man for morality and law." (Pojman 111) Bentham wanted to improve on what he considered outdated deontological views of "an eye for an eye"‚ which also kept the poor from enjoying a better life. Bentham’s view was simple‚ to maximize pleasure and minimize suffering. Pain and pleasure were what Bentham thought should guide our actions. (Pojman 112) Mill thought it important to distinguish happiness from just the pain and pleasure of
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Another argument‚ would be abandoning the utilitarianism theory altogether and looking at virtue ethics instead.Virtue ethics is more concerned with the “heart and personality of the agent–– in his or her character” (Pojman 314). It would also claim that “an action is right if it is what a virtuous agent would characteristically do in the circumstances” (Peckham 148). Essentially the idea of virtue ethics looks towards the doctor or vaccine administrator to act in a manner that is respectful and
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At first glance‚ moral relativism appears to be an appealing‚ well though out philosophical view. The truth of moral judgments is relative to the judging subject or community. The basic definition of moral relativism is that all moral points of view are equally valid; no single person’s morals are any more right or wrong than any other person’s. As you look closer at the points that moral relativists use to justify their claims‚ you can plainly see that there are‚ more often than not‚ viable objections
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The quest for knowledge remains a perplexing problem in the field of philosophy.Even nowadays mankind continue to seek to understand himself and the world around him he is thirst to know were exactly our knowledge comes from.The question of knowledge appears to be a battle between the empirisists who believed that knowledge is acquired through sense experience and the rationalists who believed that knowledge can only be required through reasoning.Although there are a lot of people who abides with
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