our cells and our organs. Common electrolytes that are measured by doctors with blood testing include sodium‚ potassium‚ chloride‚ and bicarbonate. The functions and normal range values for these electrolytes are described below. Sodium Sodium is the major positive ion (cation) in fluid outside of cells. The chemical notation for sodium is Na+. When combined with chloride‚ the resulting substance is table salt. Excess sodium (such as that obtained from dietary sources) is excreted in the urine
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Discussion for Experiment 1 (Basic Laboratory Operations and Identification of a compound : Chemical Properties) In the first experiment‚ the precision of instrument was studied by measuring the mass of water for several times. The result shows that the mass measurement of the balance is precise since the masses of water in six trials are somewhat close. The reason that the masses of water in each trial are not identical may come from the high sensitivity of the balance that keep fluctuating due
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Materials and Methods The laboratory procedures were conducted based on the steps provided in ‘An Introduction to Chemical Systems in the Laboratory’1. Specifically‚ 1.90 grams of KCL was weighed in a 250ml beaker and dissolved in 25 ml of deionized water. This solution was then quantitatively transferred to a 250ml volumetric flask. Proper technique is needed for quantitative analysis. This transfer was done to ensure that there was no detectable KCl left in the beaker. After transferring the
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Alkali Metals Introduction Alkali metals refer to six elements belonging to the Group IA of the long form of the Modern Periodic Table‚ viz. Lithium (Li)‚ Sodium (Na)‚ Potassium (K)‚ Rubidium (Rb)‚ Cesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr). Fr is a radioactive element. These elements are called so because they form strongly alkaline oxides and hydroxides. Electronic Configuration of Alkali Metals Each of the alkali metals has one electron in their outermost (valence) shell‚ which is just outside an inert
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Oxygen gas (O2) is given off and potassium chloride (KCl) remains as the residue. The equation for the decomposition of potassium chlorate is: 2 KClO3 (s) 2 KCl (s) + 3O2 (g) Other metal chlorates behave similarly when heated; forming oxygen gas and the corresponding metal chloride. The reaction may be speeded by adding some MnO2 catalyst. Metal chlorate Metal chloride + oxygen In this experiment a weighed quantity
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–––––––> SALT + HYDROGEN Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen 2HCl(aq) + 2Mg(s) 2MgCl(aq) + H2(g) Sulphuric acid + Zinc Zinc Sulphate + Hydrogen H2SO4(aq) + Zn(s) ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g) Nitric acid + Aluminium Aluminium Nitrate + Hydrogen 2HNO3(aq) + 2Al(s) 2AlNO3(aq) + H2(g) 2. ACID + BASE –––––––> SALT + WATER Hydrochloric acid + Copper II Oxide Copper II Chloride + Water HCl(aq) + CuO(s) CuCl(aq) + H2O(l) Nitric acid +
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Separating out the Benzoic acid Mass of cup: 2.3g Mass of filter paper: 0.9g Mass of filter paper and dry benzoic acid: 1.6g Net mass of the dry benzoic acid: 0.7g Step 4: Separating out the salt Mass of cup and sodium chloride: 3.3g Net mass of dry sodium chloride: 1.0g Data Table 1: Experiment Data |Grams|Percent of Mixture| Iron fillings|1.2g|30%| Sand|1.0g|25%| Table Salt|1.0g|25%| Benzoic acid|0.7g|18%| Total|3.9 g|72%| A. In the beginning of the lab‚ I thought that in order
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as fatsand within the cell membrane. Esters are alsopresent in pleasant smelling liquids that areresponsible with the fragrant odor of fruits andflowers. Amides are also present in animalprotein and also in industrial products such asnylon. Acid chlorides and acid anhydrides areused in the synthesis of carboxylic derivatives.These are not usually found in nature because of its high reactivity property.One property of carboxylic acids is that theyare acidic. Because of these‚ carboxylic acids aremostly
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Tutorial 1 1. pK = 3.4 DH = ASA Plasma pH = 7.3 Stomach pH = 1.5 = 10pH – pK = 10pH – pK = 107.3 – 3.4 = 101.5 – 3.4 = 7943.2823 = 0.01259 [Total Drug] = [D-] + [DH] [Total Drug] = [D-] + [DH] = 7943.2823 + 1 = 0.0126 + 1 = 7944.2823 = 1.0126 [Total Drug] in stomach relative to plasma = 7944.2823/1.0126 = 7845.43 Conclusion: High absorption of ASA from the stomach lumen. Absorption from stomach is 7845.43 times
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addition of sulfuric acid- Gelatinous‚ pale yellow solution | Table 3: Salt Formation Solution: | Residue Formation: | pH level: | Aniline added with benzenesulfonyl chloride | Residue Formed | 14 | Diethylamine added with benzenesulfonyl chloride | Residue formed | 13.5 | Triethylamine added with benzenesulfonyl chloride | No Residue Formed | -------- | Table 4: Hinsberg
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