A World Lit Only by Fire by William Manchester Outline The Medieval Mind I. The Dark Ages A. The Years A.D. 400 to A.D. 1000 1. Referred to as the Dark Ages because knowledge and literacy vanished during this era. 2. Rulers during this age were illiterate and most found it trivial. a. Emperor Sigismund said‚ “Ego sum rex Romanus et super grammatica”—as king of Rome‚ he was above grammar. B. Rome’s Fall in the Fifth Century 1. The Hsiung-nu (Huns) ravaged though Europe
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and and artistic patronage to a new level.” (Walker) This ultimately gave him the title of Lorenzo il Magnifico which means Lorenzo the Magnificent. Although‚ tragedy struck in 1478‚ when a Florentine family‚ the Pazzi’s‚ entered a conspiracy with Pope Sixtus IV to overthrow the Medici family. On Easter Sunday of that year‚ at the Santa Maria del Fiore‚ the famous Duomo of Florence‚ the Pazzi struck‚ and the priest stabbed Lorenzo’s brother Giuliano and a member of the Pazzi Family finished the kill
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Political authorities had a tremendous influence in the course of the Protestant Reformation. During the sixteenth century‚ the roles of authoritative figures who held political power and religious leaders were very similar. The dual roles of the monarchy and the church created an unstable political environment that became the catalyst of the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther was born on November 1483 in Eisleben‚ Saxony‚ modern day southeast Germany. He was born into a family of miners. Knowing
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Church prior to 1517. There seemed to be widespread acceptance of papal authority‚ the seven sacraments and even the purchase of indulgences. However‚ the anti-papal behaviour on a spiritual level reached far up the Clergy’s hierarchy‚ for example Pope Leo X‚ who was said to be infallible sold off more than 2‚000 church offices which was clearly symony. Symony was one of 4 of the church’s major abuses‚ and as the
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reformation was caused by a variety of corruptions within the catholic church‚ and dissatisfactions outside the church related to the church’s habits‚ some of these included: economic corruption‚ the sale of indulgences‚ the power and authority of the pope‚ and the all around dissatisfaction with the practice of external worship. One of the many corruptions of the Roman Catholic church that triggered the Protestant Reformation was economic corruption. The Roman catholic church was swathed in opulence
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CHURCH HISTORY I History of the Catholic Church’s relationship with secular authority. During the time of the Apostles‚ the Roman Empire was at its peak. It had experienced the Pax Romana of Augustus Ceasar and continued to benefit from a strong economy under Tiberius Ceasar. Rome controlled the entire Mediterranean basin. The network of roads and use of only two languages‚ allowed for an ease of communication that allowed for a spreading of the Good News. Rome was tolerant of established religions
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1420‚ when Pope Martin V (papacy 1417-31) brought the papacy back the Rome for good‚ it became something of a papal duty to restore the city to its former greatness. Because as many as 100‚000 visitors might swarm into Rome during religious holidays‚ it was important that they be “moved by its extraordinary sights‚” as one pope put it‚ and thus find their “belief continually confirmed and daily corroborated by great buildings … seemingly made by the hand of God.” In other words‚ the popes were charged
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making the commoners have an influence in society‚ instead of only having the wealthy nobility being in charge of everything‚ which probably helped bridge the gap between the nobility and the commoners. Ferdinand and Isabella also got the approval from Pope Alexander VI to have the right to choose their own bishops for their churches‚ as well as to make churches in Hispanic America‚ which then led to the development of a national church in Spain. Due to the social power of the aristocracy combined with
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held by the monarch‚ and was exempt from being challenged. In other words‚ a monarch could‚ in theory‚ regulate various aspects of life without their authority being called into question. In France‚ absolutism is associated with the likes of Louis XIII‚ but rather more so with his descendent‚ King Louis XIV. However‚ while in theory absolutism granted the king a vast majority if the power and authority‚ it does not mean that it worked that way in practice. The king still had to answer to God. Furthermore
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Warrior Pope. Led armies against the French and Venetians -Tudors (why powerful?)- Edward IV Richard IIHenry VII. Used Star Chamber against nobles and Henry VII rebuilt monarchy -Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile (Inquisition why?)-Marriage created union of Spain. Completed Reconquista and Inquisition anti-Semitism -Charles V/Hapsburg- Holy Roman Emperor.1521: Habsburg-Valois WarsBattlefield was often Italy -Mirandola- Oration of the Dignity of Man -“Renaissance popes”- Became
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