Significance of the Enlightenment in the development of the scientific method of inquiry The Enlightenment‚ Siècle des Lumières in French‚ usually referred to a series of ideology and culture movements during 1750s-1850s. There were many spheres of knowledge contained in these movements‚ such as: natural science‚ philosophy‚ ethics‚ politics‚ economics‚ literature and education. However‚ the Enlightenment did not originate from France; it was the extension of the Renaissance in Italy in the 14th
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two parts. e. All of the above 6. Materialism is the notion that a. all materials influence the mind. b. physical matter is the only reality. c. materials are important to functioning. d. materials help the mind. e. happiness results from acquisition of material possessions. 7. The idea that the mind is the true reality‚ and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind’s awareness is known as a. mentalism. b. perception. c. dualism. d. empiricism. e. the Matrix. 8. The empiricists’
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in two main ways‚ positivism and interpretivism. ‘For many observers‚ this diversity is a sign of chronic intellectual failure and as an indication of the chaotic state into which the subject has fallen and cannot escape’ (Scott‚ J. 2011. P. 1)‚ however‚ a social researcher may argue that the differences in how research is conducted leads to a broader and more rounded understanding of the social world‚ even if they may maintain that their chosen method is correct. Positivism is the approach which
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approaches— American pragmatism as developed in the thought of John Dewey and Richard Rorty and the theory of communicative rationality as worked out by Jurgen Habermas.5 The two strands differ somewhat in their methodologies. Neo-pragmatism tends toward empiricism. Theoretical and Practical Deficiencies In its effort to save planning from elitist tendencies‚ communicative planning theory runs into difficulties. The communicative model should not be faulted for its ideals of openness and diversity. Its vulnerability
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Role of Punishment Deterrence Three componenets of deterrence – celerity‚ severity‚ certainty * Punishment must be necessary Basis for the states right to punish The Positivist School Positivism The application of scientific techniques to the study of crime and criminals Empiricism ex. Testable hypotheses‚ use of comparative methods‚ systematic classification Early Posistivism Craniometry The filed of study that measured the size of the brain or skull
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Is sociology a science? Sociology is the study of human social behaviour. It is in face a science‚ better said a social science which overlooks a variety of aspects affecting human social behaviour such as social stratification‚ social class‚ social mobility‚ religion‚ secularization‚ law‚ sexuality and deviance. The roots of sociology are connected with Greek philosophers such as Plato and are connected with surveying and collecting data based on a sample group. Sociologists were and are interested
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Feminism and the Philosophy of Science A Critical Evaluation Introduction This paper is aims to critically evaluate whether feminism helps to provide a good alternative perspective to science. In the modern world‚ “science” has come to mean the intellectual and practical activity – characterised by observation and experiment – involving the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical or natural world.i However‚ in the pre-modern age “science” (from Latin‚ scientia) was
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Discuss the main differences between qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection and analysis in management research. Your answer should make reference to the philosophical assumptions which underpin these methodological approaches. Introduction Whenever a decision is made to undertake a piece of research a method for conducting the study is required. In scientific research the techniques typically used for data collection and analysis are those which allow the evaluation of data
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branch of philosophy that investigates the nature‚ sources‚ limitations‚ and validity of knowledge. Rationalism: The position that reason alone‚ without the aid of sensory info‚ is capable of arriving at some knowledge‚ at some undeniable truths. Empiricism: the position that knowledge has its origins in and derives all of its content from experience. Idealism: in metaphysics‚ the position that reality is ultimately non matter; in EPISTEMOLOGY‚ the position that all we know is our ideas. Transcendental
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# 2009 University of South Africa All rights reserved Printed and published by the University of South Africa Muckleneuk‚ Pretoria EDC1015/1/2010±2012 98473980 3B2 A4 6pica style (iii) EDC1015/1/2010±2012 Contents Unit INTRODUCTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 THINKING CLEARLY AND LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE: THE BEGINNING OF OUR NEW WORLD ASKING QUESTIONS: CHALLENGING WHAT THE WORLD TELLS US HOW IN THE WORLD CAN WE GIVE OUR LIVES MEANING? WHAT OF AN AFRICAN WORLD? CAN WE CHANGE OUR WORLD? RETHINKING
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