NATURAL LAW – DUTY TO OBEY UNJUST LAWS Important aspects of natural law can be traced back to Aristotle‚ Plato and the stories of Sophocles‚ Antigone & Oedipus. They offered arguments for the existence of a higher form of law‚ a set of standards against which existing legal norms can be compared and judged. Plato argued that individual objects (e.g. individual trees and chairs and individual instances of equality or beauty) were imperfect reflections or instances of an eternal Idea or Form
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Sociology as a branch of knowledge‚ has its own unique characteristics‚ it is different from other sciences in certain respects. An analysis of its internal logical characteristics helps one to understand what kind of science it is. The following are the main characteristics of sociology. 1. Sociology is an independent science: Sociology has now emerged into an independent science. It is not treated and studied as a branch of any other science like philosophy or political philosophy or history
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in anthropology and history. Research in mathematical sciences such as physics is also ’quantitative’ by definition‚ though this use of the term differs in context. In the social sciences‚ the term relates to empirical methods‚ originating in both philosophical positivism and the history of statistics‚ which contrast with qualitative research methods. Qualitative methods produce information only on the particular cases studied‚ and any more general conclusions are only hypotheses. Quantitative methods can be used
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Research. 2 (1) 1992‚ p 13-23. Trochim‚ W. (2006). Positivism and post-positivism. Retrieved Nov. 11/08 from website: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positvsm.php Wallen‚ N Walker‚ J.‚ & and Evers‚ C. (1988). The epistemological unity of educational research. In J.P.Keeves (Ed.)‚ Educational research methodology and measurement: An international handbook (p28-36). Pergamon Press: Sydney‚ NSW. Weber‚ R. (2004). The rhetoric of positivism versus interpretivism: A personal view. MIS Quarterly
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philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge and the process by which knowledge is acquired and validated" (Gall‚ Borg‚ & Gall‚ 1996) Methodology: how do we know the world‚ or gain knowledge of it? When challenging the assumptions underlying positivism‚ Lincoln and Guba (2000) also identified two more categories that will distinguish different paradigms‚ i.e. beliefs in causality and oxiology. The assumptions of causality asserts the position of the nature and possibility of causal relationship;
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distinct entities involved in the production of behaviour • pineal gland logos Greek for the study of a subject Related Fields I. Philosophy Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) • materialism -- position that since nothing exists other than matter and energy the concept of soul is meaningless • form of monism • empiricism -- position that all human knowledge and thought are derived from sensory experience • Locke‚ Hume‚ Mill Related Fields II. Physiology branch of biology concerned with the scientific
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Bibliography: Blunden‚ A. (2005‚ Feburuary). A General View of Positivism. Retrieved March 16‚ 2013‚ from http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/comte/1856/general-view.htm. Bradley‚ D. M. (2002). Psyography. (A Dreamfire Production) Retrieved March 19‚ 2013‚ from http://faculty.frostburg.edu/mbradley/psyography/hugomunsterberg
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focus was to understand society as a science. And he suggested various methods to study sociology which included scientific methods like observing‚ experimenting‚ comparison etc. His own coined term ‘positivism’ can explain best that how he looks to society. This was well explained by Rapoport ‘Positivism…seeks to describe only what “obviously” is‚ what one can really be positive about‚ that is‚ sense data. A strict positivist‚ seeing a black sheep on a meadow could not say‚ “There is a black sheep
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Accounting Theory Construction The function to study accounting theories is to classify them according to the assumptions they rely on‚ how they were formulated‚ and their approaches to explaining and predicting actual events. There are some classification which are pragmatic‚ syntactic‚ semantic‚ normative‚ positive‚ and naturalistic approaches. Pragmatic approaches are based on observing the behavior of accountants or those who use the information generated by accountant. Syntactic approaches
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positive methodology: how it is Positus ( ponere = put‚ place) e.g. position Prescriptive methodology= normative methodology”: how it ought to be Norm Logical positvism = Logicism = Scientific language is an extension of logic Positivism = Empiricism (Knowledge arises out of sense experience) The main aim of the logical positivist program was to demarcate (grenzen vaststellen van ) scientitific knowledge‚ distinguish science form pseudo-science and remove any kind of metaphysical. Their
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