support two columns‚ or three columns not in a row. Combined footings are used when tow columns are so close that single footings cannot be used or when one column is located at or near a property 2. Cantilever or strap footings consist of two single footings connected with a beam or a strap and support two single columns. This type replaces a combined footing and is more economical. 3. Continuous footings support a row of three or more columns. They have limited width and continue
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DISPLACEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS: SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATIONS ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! General Case Stiffness Coefficients Stiffness Coefficients Derivation Fixed-End Moments Pin-Supported End Span Typical Problems Analysis of Beams Analysis of Frames: No Sidesway Analysis of Frames: Sidesway 1 Slope – Deflection Equations P i w j k Cj settlement = ∆j Mij P i w j Mji θi ψ θj 2 Degrees of Freedom M θΑ A B 1 DOF: θΑ C 2 DOF: θΑ ‚ θΒ L θΑ A P B θΒ 3 Stiffness kAA kBA 1 B
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1 UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI :: CHENNAI 600 025 REGULATIONS – 2008 CURRICULUM FROM III & IV SEMESTERS FOR B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SEMESTER – III CODE NO. COURSE TITLE L T P C THEORY MA9211 Mathematics – III 3 1 0 4 ME9201 Manufacturing Technology – I 3 0 0 3 ME9202 Engineering Thermodynamics 3 0 0 3 CE9211 Fluid Mechanics and Machinery 3 1 0 4 ME9203 Kinematics of Machines 3 1 0 4 EE9211 Electrical Drives and Control 3 0 0 3 PRACTICAL ME9204 Manufacturing Technology
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Definitions Bitewing radiograph: Parallel technique where the film shows the upper and lower teeth in occlusion. Blurred image: Decreased detail on a film due to patient‚ film‚ or x-ray source movement. Collimator cutoff: Not centering the x-ray beam on the film‚ causing
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which can be thought of as a very thin‚ deep beam. Some noteworthy examples of buildings that have the Diagrid incorporated are The Swiss Re building in London known as The Gherkin‚ The Hearst Tower in New York‚ The CCTV Headquarters in Beijing‚ The West tower in Guangzhou‚ The Capital Gate in Abu Dhabi. The Diagrid systems are the evolution of braced tube structures‚ since the perimeter configuration still holds for preserving the maximum bending resistance and rigidity‚ while‚ with respect to
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page…………………………………………………………..3 3. Introduction…………………………………………………………4 4. Theory of experiment……………………………………………….6 5. Methodology/procedure…………………………………………….8 6. Result and discussion Results………………………………………………………9 Observation………………………………………………….9 Precaution……………………………………………………10 Application to the petroleum industry………………………11 7. Conclusion…………………………………………………………...12 8. References…………………………………………………………….12 EXPERIMENT 1 DETERMINATION OF REFRACTIVE INDEX OF LIQUID SAMPLES (CRUDE OIL AND BRINE)
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The impact toughness (AKA Impact strength) of a material can be determined with a Charpy or Izod test. These tests are named after their inventors and were developed in the early 1900’s before fracture mechanics theory was available. Impact properties are not directly used in fracture mechanics calculations‚ but the economical impact tests continue to be used as a quality control method to assess notch sensitivity and for comparing the relative toughness of engineering materials. The two tests use
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shearing force (SF) at any section of a beam represents the tendency for the portion of the beam on one side of the section to slide or shear laterally relative to the other portion. The diagram shows a beam carrying loads . It is simply supported at two points where the reactions are Assume that the beam is divided into two parts by a section XX The resultant of the loads and reaction acting on the left of AA is F vertically upwards and since the whole beam is in equilibrium‚ the resultant force
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8 4. Analysis 9 4.1 Guidelines for error analysis 9 5. Conclusions & Recommendations 9 6. References 10 ABSTRACT The aim of doing this experiment is to compare the transverse bending deflection of the tie bar and the theoretical values that obtain from the simplified formula and the exact formula when the eccentricity of the load is 75m‚ 55mm and 35mm. The experimental values of the deflection of the tie are obtained by reading
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reinforced concrete beam shown in Figure 1 carries an imposed live load of 12kN/m2 and a dead load of 12 kN/m2 as shown in the diagram. Given‚ fcu = 30 N/mm2‚ fy = 460 N/mm2‚ fy‚ links = 250 N/mm2. The beam is exposed to a mild condition. a) Determine whether the beam is singly or doubly reinforced beam. b) Determine the main reinforcement for the beam using a design chart. c) Determine the shear reinforcement for the beam. d) Check whether the deflection of the beam is acceptable.
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