Footings
Footings are structural members used to support columns and walls and to transmit and distribute their loads to the soil in such a way that the load bearing capacity of the soil is not exceeded, excessive settlement, differential settlement,or rotation are prevented and adequate safety against overturning or sliding is maintained.
A foundation is the lowest and supporting layer of a structure. Foundations are generally divided into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations.
Types of Foundation
1. Shallows Foundations
2. Deep Foundations
1- Shallows Foundations
Shallow foundations are those founded near to the finished ground surface; generally where the founding depth (Df) is less than the width of the footing and less than 3m. These are not strict rules, but merely guidelines: basically, if surface loading or other surface conditions will affect the bearing capacity of a foundation it is 'shallow'
Shallows foundations are used when surface soils are sufficiently strong and stiff to support the imposed loads; they are generally unsuitable in weak or highly compressible soils, such as poorly-compacted fill, peat, recent lacustrine and alluvial deposits, etc.
Shallow Foundation Types
1. Pad or column footings ( Isolated or Combined )
A-Isolated
used to support single columns. This is one of the most economical types of footings and is used when columns are spaced at relatively long distances
B-Combined usually support two columns, or three columns not in a row. Combined footings are used when tow columns are so close that single footings cannot be used or when one column is located at or near a property
2. Cantilever or strap footings consist of two single footings connected with a beam or a strap and support two single columns. This type replaces a combined footing and is more economical.
3. Continuous footings support a row of three or more columns. They have limited width and continue under
A foundation is the lowest and supporting layer of a structure. Foundations are generally divided into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations.
Types of Foundation
1. Shallows Foundations
2. Deep Foundations
1- Shallows Foundations
Shallow foundations are those founded near to the finished ground surface; generally where the founding depth (Df) is less than the width of the footing and less than 3m. These are not strict rules, but merely guidelines: basically, if surface loading or other surface conditions will affect the bearing capacity of a foundation it is 'shallow'
Shallows foundations are used when surface soils are sufficiently strong and stiff to support the imposed loads; they are generally unsuitable in weak or highly compressible soils, such as poorly-compacted fill, peat, recent lacustrine and alluvial deposits, etc.
Shallow Foundation Types
1. Pad or column footings ( Isolated or Combined )
A-Isolated
used to support single columns. This is one of the most economical types of footings and is used when columns are spaced at relatively long distances
B-Combined usually support two columns, or three columns not in a row. Combined footings are used when tow columns are so close that single footings cannot be used or when one column is located at or near a property
2. Cantilever or strap footings consist of two single footings connected with a beam or a strap and support two single columns. This type replaces a combined footing and is more economical.
3. Continuous footings support a row of three or more columns. They have limited width and continue under