Title: Relativities of Alkyl Halides in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to perform a comparison of relative reactivities of various alkyl halides with two different reagents‚ sodium iodine in acetone and silver nitrate in ethanol. (Below are the reaction equations). We used different substrates‚ which were primary‚ secondary‚ and tertiary. These substrates included 2-bromobutane‚ 2-bromo-2-methylpropane‚ 1-bromobutane ∞-Bromotoluene‚ bromobenzene
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Preparation of 4-bromoaniline Introduction Aromatic compounds tend to undergo electrophilic aromatic substitutions rather than addition reactions. Substitution of a new group for a hydrogen atom takes place via a resonance-stabilized carbocation. As the benzene ring is quite electron-rich‚ it almost always behaves as a nucleophile in a reaction which means the substitution on benzene occurs by the addition of an electrophile. Substituted benzenes tend to react at predictable positions. Alkyl groups
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UNKNOWN LAB REPORT UNKNOWN NUMBER 54 Ron Williams 7-28-05 Bio 205 Prof. Curlee Fall 2005 Purpose There are many reasons for knowing the identity of microorganisms. The reasons range from the knowing the causative agent of a disease in a patient‚ so as to know how it can be treated‚ to knowing the correct microorganism to be used for making certain foods or antibiotics. This study was done by applying all of the methods that have been learned so far in the microbiology laboratory
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** Introduction : A medical microbiology lab performs testing on human samples collected from different body sites. The tests are used to detect and identify any microorganisms capable of causing disease. Knowing of unknown microorganism is important on how this microorganism works and how it is structured‚ means knowing how it can affect humans. The purpose of this study was to identify an unknown bacterium by applying all methods that were previously conducted and learned in the medical microbiology
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PREPARATION OF POTASH ALUM FROM SCRAP ALUMINUM Introduction Aluminium because of its low density‚ high tensile strength and resistance and resistance to corrosion is widely used for the manufacture of aeroplanes‚ automobiles lawn furniture as well as for aluminium cans. Being good conductor of electricity it is used for transmission of electricity. Aluminium is also used for making utensils. The recycling of aluminium cans and other aluminium products is a very positive contribution to saving
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through the use of wet chemical tests. In this manner‚ Unknown A which was a colorless solution‚ was first tested with 2‚4-DNP which after mixing for a few seconds formed a bright yellow precipitate. Although this confirms the presence of either a ketone or aldehyde group‚ one simple chemical test does not completely specify the presence or absence of other functional groups. Therefore‚ a second test was made in order to test for the presence of alkyl halides (R-Br or R-I specifically). However‚ after
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the density of water and an unknown liquid. Density is defined as the mass of a substance divided by its volume. It is an intrinsive property of matter and is used to specifically characterize substances. III. Procedure: 1.We massed an empty 10mL graduated cylinder to the nearest .01g. 2.Then‚ we filled the graduated cylinder with 4.0-5.0 mL of distilled water‚ 3.massed it to the nearest 0.1 ml and 4. recorded the data. Then to determine the density of the unknown liquid; we repeated the steps
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Analysis of an Unknown Mixture Performed: 2/13/14 Submitted: 3/3/14 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to separate and identify the two unknown compounds. The sample used was 105 and it contain 2-propanol and 2-heptanone. IR spectrums were taken of the contents of the second and sixth test tubes and showed the presence of an OH functional group and a small amount of ketone in test tube two and a large presence of ketone in test tube six. The average boiling points of the test tubes
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aqueous layer. 6. Added approx.15 ml of 1mol/L Na2CO3 solution.Shaked‚drained and discarded the lower layer leaving the ester in the separating funnel. Diagram : Observations : From our results‚the ester we made produced a light banana smell. In this experiment for preparation of an ester as the alcohol used was pentanol and the acid used was glacial acetic acid‚ added conc.sulfuric acid a dehydrating agent used to remove the moisture‚ safety was a priority in this experiment as this were
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Preparation and melting point of Aspirin Aspirin is a painkilling drug and is produced worldwide to reduce and stop pain. Aspirin is made up of ehtanoylation of 2-hydroxbenzenecarboxylic acid in a presence of phosphoric acid. AIM: The aim of the experiment is to prepare and produce aspirin as pure as possible. I will do this threw preparing the aspirin and purifying the product threw recrystallization. I will then obtain a melting point of my product to get an estimate of its purity. By the end
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