nucleophiles. The molar amounts of Cl - and Br- are equal‚ so the better nucleophile will lead to more product. You will analyze the amounts of 1-bromobutane and 1-chlorobutane by GC and NMR. We will also examine the same reaction with 2-methyl-2-propanol‚ using a reaction carried out by the lab assistant or instructor. Consider that the nucleophiles may be influenced by interactions with the solvent. These interactions are much more significant in protic solvents (e.g.‚ water and alcohol) than
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Introduction For the last week‚ specific tests had to be applied to determine the unknown solid that was given out randomly. Physical tests‚ solubility test‚ characteristic tests‚ NMR spectrums‚ and IR spectrums were all utilized to distinguish the identity of the solid. These assessments and a couple additional tests will be utilized again to determine the unknown liquid that was given to us in class. The other characteristics that will be looked at will be the boiling point‚ refracted index‚ and
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Experiment :12 Vapor Pressure and the Heat of Vaporization Nicole Petersen TA: Ryan Dixon 4/16/2013 Purpose: Use experimental techniques to record temperature and volume data for known and unknown compounds. The liquid and gas are going to be at equilibrium. We will also determine the boiling point for the known and unknown. Then use a graph to calculate the slope and then use Clasius- Clapeyron equation to find the heat vaporization. Procedure: Refer to pages 155-167 of Chemistry 1210 General
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isomers are subdivided into two: position and functional isomers. Position isomers occur among substituted hydrocarbons. The substituents are attached to different positions on the carbon chain. ex. CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH(OH)CH3 1-propanol 2-propanol Functional isomers‚ on the other hand‚ have very different chemical properties because differences in the structures give rise to different functional groups. ex. CH3CH2OH CH3OCH3 ethanol dimethyl ether Stereoisomers
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Biofuels – Alternative and Renewable Sources of Energy - Modified from Source: http://biofuel.org.uk/ BIOMASS Biomass can be termed as organic material which is derived from living or more “recently deceased” organisms. The most important feature of biomass is that it is a renewable source of energy unlike other natural resources like coal‚ petroleum and even nuclear fuel. Biomass itself is a renewable energy source because we can always grow more trees and crops‚ and waste will always exist
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17—Alcohols and Phenols SHORT ANSWER Drawing Instructions: Draw structures corresponding to each of the given names. 1. Draw: cis-4-tert-butylcyclohexanol ANS: 2. Draw: 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol ANS: 3. Draw: 2-phenyl-2-propanol ANS: 4. Draw: glycerol ANS: 5. Draw: 2‚ 4‚ 6-trinitrophenol ANS: IUPAC Naming Instructions: Provide proper IUPAC names. 6. Name: ANS: (E)-2-ethylbut-2-en-1-ol 7. Name: HOCH2CH2OH ANS: 1‚ 2-ethanediol
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BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) BIOTECHNOLOGY YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1‚ 2 & 3 UDBB 1164 FUNDAMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 0 EXPERIMENT 1 PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBONS Introduction Hydrocarbons are compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen‚ can be classified into several types‚ depending on their structure. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are divided into three classes: alkanes (e.g. methane‚ ethane and propane) have only single bonds‚ and are said to be saturated; alkenes (e.g. ethene and propene)
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com/definitions/hesss-law/244 Author Unknown (n.d) Stoichiometric Combustion‚ retrieved August 23 from http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/stoichiometric-combustion-d_399.html Dortmund Data Bank Software & Seperation Technology (2009) HFO (Std. Heat of Formation) Data for Propanol‚ Retrieved September 6 from <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/recl.19700891208/abstract> Jim Clark (2003) Introducing alcohols‚ retrieved August 5 from <http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/alcohols/background.html> Michael
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EXPERIMENT 7 - Distillation – Separation of a Mixture Purpose: a) To purify a compound by separating it from a non-volatile or less-volatile material. b) To separate a mixture of two miscible liquids (liquids that mix in all proportions) with different boiling points. Equipment / Materials: large test tubes(3) clamp (1 or 2) ringstand boiling chips test tube rack (1) heating mantle glass adaptor thermometer adaptor 10-mL graduated cylinder condenser (1 or 2) grease 50- mL round bottom flask 50-
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Alkanols used | Fuel used (grams) | Kilo jewels per gram (KJ/g) | Kilo jewels per mole (KJ/mol) | Class average (KJ/g) | Class average (KJ/mol) | Methanol | 1.02 | -8.2 | -262.7 | -8.4 | -291 | Ethanol | 0.77 | -10 | -435 | -12.1 | -536 | Propanol | 0.78 | -10.7 | -644 | -18.85 | -883.2 | The molar heat combustion increases with carbon chain lengths as the alkanols contains hydrogen bonding and because of more carbons‚ this results in increased dispersion forces along the chain‚ thus the
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