ABCT 1101/ABCT1D04 Introductory Life Science INTRODUCTORY LIFE SCIENCE At our 3rd lecture‚ we want to discuss • The building blocks of biological organisms – Carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ lipids and nucleic acids • Cell structure and function – Cell membrane‚ ER‚ Golgi‚ cytoskeleton‚ nucleus – Plant cell vs. animal cell Simple Chemistry for Life Science • Each element consists of one kind of atom. – An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
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Name the 4 main Organic Molecules in Biochemistry. Describe each one‚ and provide an example. What are the “building blocks” of each molecule? For example‚ protein = Amino Acid. • Proteins - monomers are amino acids and proteins are used for various reasons in cell such as structure‚ defense‚ modification. An example of a protein is hemoglobin that red blood cells used to carry oxygen. • Carbohydrates - monomers are monosaccarides with the general formula of CH20. Carbohydrates can
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initiation codon and it initiates the translation process‚ which is necessary for formation of a protein. The last codon is known as a Stop codon as it stops the translation process to end the addition of amino acids to protein chain. In absence of Stop codon the protein formation is never completed as there would uninhibited addition of amino acids. What meaning do these mRNA codons have for protein synthesis? Explanation: The mRNA codon sequences specify for respective amino acid. More than
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com/od/geneticsglossary/g/DNA.htm"DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein shell or coat. Viruses are extremely small‚ approximately 15 - 25 nanometers in diameter. Viruses: Genetic Material Viruses may have double-stranded DNA‚ double-stranded RNA‚ single-stranded DNA or single-stranded RNA. The type of genetic material found in a particular virus depends on the nature and function of the specific virus. The genetic material is not typically exposed but covered by a protein coat . The viral genome can consist of a
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proximity. An example would be a nerve cell releasing neurotransmitters. In autocrine signaling the cell that produces the ligand also contains the receptor for that ligand. This is how cancer cells work. In signaling by plasma membrane attached proteins‚ the target cell does something in response to direct contact from the signaling cell. 2) List examples of 1) steroid hormones and 2) amino acid derivatives that act as ligands. What are the catecholamines‚ and which amino acid are
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genetic information from DNA to protein in eukaryotic cells is called the central dogma of biology. The role of RNA in protein synthesis is extremely important as protein synthesis could not occur without RNA. Three forms of RNA exist solely to create proteins. Through a process known as translation‚ RNA constructs the proteins necessary to sustain life. Spliceosomes Process pre-mRNA by splicing out intronic nucleic acids producing mRNA which is then translated to protein in ribosomes. Codons are three
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Messenger RNA is the “mirror image” of the DNA that encodes the amino acid sequence for the protein specified by the gene. The Transfer RNA transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes from coded messages. Ribosomal RNA helps build the proteins on the ribosome. d. The reason that so many RNA molecules are produced more than DNA molecules because you only have two copies of DNA in one cell. If only two proteins could be produced at a time it would take the cell a much longer time to do the functions
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Purpose: To use indicators to test for the presence of organic compounds in certain substances. Hypothesis: Honey will contain sugars‚ egg white contains proteins‚ corn oil contains lipids‚ oats contains starches and proteins‚ gelatin contains sugars and proteins‚ potatoes contain starch‚ and apple juice contains lipids and sugars. Materials: 9 test tubes Test tube rack Test tube holder Grease pencil Hot plate 20 ml honey solution 20 ml egg white and water mixture 20
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phospholipid Possible Essay Questions ½ to ¾ of a page 1. What is protein folding? How does it contribute to protein’s functionality? Explain: What proteins are made of The four levels of protein folding The motifs found at each level (if any) The intermolecular forces that influence folding at each level The lock and key model of protein interaction 2. How does the information for manufacturing proteins move through the cell? Include the following:
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the digestive system and degrades proteins‚ making it an enzyme known as protease. [1] It is one of the three principal digestive proteinases‚ the other two being pepsin and chymotrypsin. [9] Trypsin primarily hydrolyses peptides into smaller building-blocks‚ mainly amino acids (these peptides are the result of the enzyme pepsin ’s breaking down the proteins in the stomach). This enables the uptake of protein in the food because peptides (though smaller than proteins) are too big to be absorbed through
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