Chemistry Essay Butane‚ Butene and all isomers that come with them are considered to be alkanes and alkenes respectively. They differ from each other in the fact that Butane contains only single bonds‚ whereas Butene has both single and one double bond. Regardless of this difference in many situations the two molecules can display similar behaviours. For the purposes of this comparison But-1-ene will be used as ‘Butene’ unless otherwise indicated. But-1-ene is almost identical to the other
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One major observation made throughout this experiment was during the steam distillation. As the steam distillation started and the solution in the flask began heating‚ it was clear that too much stopcock grease was used around the glassware. The grease from the connecting ends of the three way connecting tube was melting and seeping into the clove and water solution in the two necked round bottom flask. The solution in the flask was immediately discarded and repeated with clean glassware and a very
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Classification Tests for Hydrocarbons Authors: Goldie Ann Tejada‚ Allain Joseph S. Templo‚ Kristinlyn Trajano‚ Kevin Viray‚ Quennie Yu Group 10‚ 2F-PH‚ Faculty of Pharmacy‚ University of Santo Tomas ABSTRACT The test compounds undergo different physical and chemical tests to differentiate their intrinsic physical properties and chemical properties. Physical state‚ color‚ and odor were noted through simple observation. Miscibility of the test compounds were noted through color change or a warming
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readily transformed into many useful products. Alkenes: more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the C=C double bond‚ which can be broken and join up with other molecules to form a polymer. (Addition reaction) • The double bond present in ethene is broken‚ causing two free electrons to become available. • This allows other substances to react with ethene and an addition reaction occurs. • In alkanes‚ only a substitution reaction occurs which requires a catalyst – limiting their
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Environmental Chemistry and Analysis Prof. M.S.Subramanian MODULE 1.5 Advanced Waste Water Treatment Removal Of Suspended Solids Microstraining Coagulation and flocculation Filtration Removal of dissolved solids Ion exchange Reverse osmosis Electrodialysis Removal of nitrogen Phosphate removal (chemical treatment) Phosphate removal (biological treatment) Removal of dissolved organic compounds Adsorption Sludge treatment and disposal Disinfection 1 2 2 3 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 10 10 11 13 Indian
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nucleophile. The Grignard reagent can also react with RX to form a longer chain alkane. Example: CH3CH2MgBr + CH3CH2Br CH3CH2CH2CH3 + MgBr2 In general‚ basicity parallels nucleophilic strength since both of them depend on the availability of the lone pair of electrons. The Grignard reagent is not only able to function as a nucleophile; it can operate as a base too by reacting with water to form an alkane. Example: CH3CH2MgBr + H2O CH3CH3 + Mg(OH)Br Based on the diagonal relationship
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ALCOHOLS Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an -OH group. For the purposes of UK A level‚ we will only look at compounds containing one -OH group. For example: Primary alcohols In a primary (1°) alcohol‚ the carbon which carries the -OH group is only attached to one alkyl group Some examples of primary alcohols include: Secondary alcohols In a secondary (2°) alcohol‚ the carbon with the -OH group attached is joined directly to
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AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY AMITY UNIVERSITY APPLIED CHEMISTRY-I Semester Tutorial Sheet - I (Water Treatment) 1 What are the specifications of water for various industries? 2. Why does hard water consume a lot of soap? 3. What is the difference between soft and sterilized water? 4. State chemical reactions‚ which remove bicarbonate hardness and justify your answer 5. Why is NH3-NH4Cl buffer added in the determination of hardness of water? 6. Discuss which of the
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Edexel IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes IGCSE Chemistry Triple Award Revision Guide Topic Introduction to chemistry Atomic Structure Structure and Bonding – Ionic Bonding Structure and Bonding – Covalent and Metallic Bonding Organic Chemistry - Alkanes Organic Chemistry – Alkenes / Addition Polymerisation Organic Chemistry – Alcohols / Condensation Polymerisation Calculations Periodic Table Reactivity Series and Metal Extraction Electrolysis Energetics Acids‚ Bases‚ Salts and Neutralisation Preparing
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Pat 1 Synthesis of 4-aryl-6-indolylpyridine-2-carbonitriles and evaluation of their biological activity Synthesis of 6-indolyl-4-aryl-3-cyanopyridine-2-one (1a-e) Employing the MCRs approach and microwave irradiation‚ an equimolar amounts of aromatic aldehyde‚ 3-acetylindole‚ ethyl cyanoacetate were reacted with excess of ammonium acetate in one-pot‚ reaction‚ under the microwave irradiation‚ afforded a novel series of 4-aryl-6-indolyl-nicotinonitrile-2-one derivatives 1a-e. Ethylene glycol was
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