When a really large unstable isotope changes into to smaller isotopes that are 2 completely different elements. the nucleus has to be larger than 230(mass). They are really slow and spontaneous. Fission = splitting. Can create a chain reaction. (picture above). Critical mass= must be enough mass in a reaction or enough fission type mass‚ fissionable mass‚ for the reaction to continue to go on.(minimum amount). Sub critical mass= mass of fission material that doesn’t have enough to keep the reaction
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Nuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything. After the Chernobyl disaster of April 26th‚ 1986‚ it was often said that the nuclear industry no longer had the resilience to survive another major nuclear accident. The industry hoped that the sentiment behind the Chernobyl accident could be eased on the basis that it was the consequence of a flaw in design that was unique to the Soviet Union’s reactors and that they had been operated in such a way that would not have been acceptable in the
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Concepts of Radiation Radiation * Emission of energy from an atom and the transmission of this energy through space. * Energy propagated in a material medium or space. * Energy in transit. What are the types of radiation? * Radiation is of two general types in our environment. * They are called non-ionizing and ionizing. Ionization * the energy transferred to the electrons causes them to be pulled away or removed from an atom entirely. * The result is the
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1 0 Electron Very small (0.00055) 1- 5. Radioactive isotopes Radiation What is it? Relative charge How does the nucleus change? Stopped by? Deflection in electric field? Alpha α Helium nuclei ⁴₂He +2 2 fewer protons 2 fewer neutrons Paper or skin Low Beta β Electrons ₋₁°e -1 1 more proton 1 fewer neutron Aluminium foil High Gamma ϒ Electromagnetic radiation none No change Lead sheet None 6. Half-life i. The time taken for half a radioactive isotope/substance to decay. ii. Not affected my temperature
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Carbon-14 Dating: an Invaluable Yardstick in the Chronology of Humans Archeologists use many methods to analyze data from the past. One scientific tool they use is to analyze the radioactive decay of chemical elements found in plant and animal remains‚ pottery‚ and even in rocks. Radiocarbon dating‚ also known as carbon-14 dating‚ has been one of the most important radioisotope dating methods used. This scientific tool‚ which was first developed by Willard F. Libby in the late 1940s‚ has significantly
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Pure Appl. Chem.‚ Vol. 75‚ No. 6‚ pp. 683–800‚ 2003. © 2003 IUPAC INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY INORGANIC CHEMISTRY DIVISION COMMISSION ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS AND ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCES* ATOMIC WEIGHTS OF THE ELEMENTS: REVIEW 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) Prepared for publication by J. R. DE LAETER1‚ J. K. BÖHLKE2‚‡‚ P. DE BIÈVRE3‚ H. HIDAKA4‚ H. S. PEISER2‚ K. J. R. ROSMAN1‚ AND P. D. P. TAYLOR3 of Applied Physics‚ Curtin University of Technology‚ Perth‚ Australia; 2United States
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nucleon number. * Use proton number and the simple structure of atoms to explain the basis of the Periodic Table (Ref. Z=1 to 20) * Define isotopes. * State the two types of isotopes as being radioactive and non-radioactive. * State one medical and one industrial use of radioactive isotopes. * Describe radioactive isotopes as a source of energy. eg. 235U * Describe the build-up of electrons in `shells` and understand the significance of the noble gas electronic structures
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behavior of metallic elements‚ their intermetallic compounds‚ and their mixtures‚ which are called alloys. Nuclear chemistry is a subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity‚ nuclear processes and nuclear properties. * It is the chemistry of radioactive elements such as the actinides‚ radium and radon together with the chemistry associated with equipment (such as nuclear reactors) which are designed to perform nuclear processes. This includes the corrosion
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removal of neutrons) is called an uncontrolled fission reaction. An uncontrolled fission reaction releases an explosive amount of energy used in nuclear weaponry. 8.4.3: Fuel enrichment is the process in which you increase the percentage of a certain isotope in a substance‚ such as Uranium-235 from 0.7% to 4% in a natural uranium ore. 8.4.4: Energy Transfers: - Water is heated by heat energy created through nuclear fission - Energy is lost to surroundings - Steam turns a turbine (heat energy
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What is nuclear medicine? Nuclear medicine is a division of medical imaging that detects and treats diseases and irregularities in the body such as cancer and neurological illnesses through the use of radioactive chemicals. The techniques used in nuclear medicine allow physicians to attain knowledge about patient conditions without the invasion of personal space through procedures such as biopsies. The equipment and machines used within this branch are important for research as they allow for a better
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