EMISSIONS FROM ADIPIC ACID AND NITRIC ACID PRODUCTION A C K N O WL E D G E M E N T S This paper was written by Heike Mainhardt (ICF Incorporated) and reviewed by Dina Kruger (USEPA). ABSTRACT Nitrous oxide (N2O) is generated as a by-product during the production of adipic acid and nitric acid. The main use for adipic acid is as a component of nylon-6/6; thus production trends are closely correlated with nylon consumption trends. Worldwide‚ there are very few adipic acid plants. The U.S. is
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Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid Objective To purify benzoic acid by recrystallization and gain experience with a basic organic laboratory techniques. Background Products of chemical reactions are often contaminated with impurities. One method for purifying chemicals‚ recrystallization‚ takes advantage of the differences in the solubilities of the desired products and the impurities and the tendency for the slow formation of crystals to exclude impurities from the crystalline solid. HC HC
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Common Aspects of Acid Prehydrolysis and Steam Explosion for Pretreating Wood Hans E. Grethlein Michigan Biotechnology Institute‚ PO Box 27609‚ Lansing‚ Michigan 48909‚ USA & Alvin O. Converse Thayer School of Engineering‚ Dartmouth College‚ Hanover‚ New Hampshire 03755‚ USA Abstract The initial rate of hydrolysis using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei for various wood samples is directly proportional to the surface area available to the enzyme. Both dilute acid hydrolysis in a continuous
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element through a number of chemical reactions including redox‚ metathesis‚ decomposition‚ and single replacement reactions‚ the cycle will be complete once solid copper is recovered. Attempting to create a diagram of the ecological cycle of copper must require knowledge about copper’s chemical cycle first‚ which may then allow for the development of possible solutions to copper pollution. Materials and Methods: In order to conduct
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Nitric acid is a highly reactive oxidizing agent used in making fertilizers‚ explosives‚ and rocket fuels‚ and in a wide variety of industrial metallurgical processes. It is also a component of acid rain. Its chemical formula is HNO3 and it has been known as “aqua fortis”‚ which means strong water‚ to alchemists. It is a transparent‚ colorless to yellowish‚ fuming corrosive liquid. Nitric acid is a strong acid and therefore it completely dissociates in water. It has a gravity of 1.41 and the concentration
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Title:Extraction:Extraction with acid and alkaline Objective: 1. To recover benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene from its mixture using acid-alkaline extraction. 2. To determine the percentage recovery and melting point of benzoic acid and p-diclorobenzene. Apparatus:Separatory funnel(250mL)‚Buchner funnel‚beaker. Materials:Benzoic acid‚p-dichlorobenzene‚ether‚10% NaOH‚conc.HCl‚distilled water‚ anhydrous CaCl2. Introduction: Organic compounds in an aqueous mixture can be separated
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The purpose of this lab was to find the empirical formula for magnesium oxide. To find this formula‚ a strip of Magnesium ribbon was burned in a crucible over a flame from a bunson burner. After the strip caught fire multiple times with the cover on‚ and 10 drops of distilled water were added‚ and the crucible was lightly heated. The crucible was then weighed and the mass recorded. Calculations were performed and the mole ratio of Mg to O was recorded. The results of other lab groups performing
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Acids and Bases Q1.This question is about several Brønsted–Lowry acids and bases. (a) Define the term Brønsted–Lowry acid. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (1) (b) Three equilibria are shown below. For each reaction‚ indicate whether the substance immediately above the box is acting
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Experimental Determination of the Formula of Magnesium Oxide. Introduction: Magnesium is a mental‚ it is known to react with oxygen. Magnesium reacts vigorously when heated in the presence of air‚ which is why we have chosen high heat in our method to facilitate combustion. This oxidation reaction produces magnesium oxide gaining oxygen from the air. When sharing of electrons occur a chemical bond is made and the atoms combine to form a molecule. So‚ the predicted molecular formula:
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composition by mass of magnesium oxide – Report Objective: To measure and calculate the ratio of magnesium to oxygen in magnesium oxide. To compare the lab ratio to the percent composition calculation based on the formula. Hypothesis: Based on the law of definite proportions‚ the percentage composition of magnesium oxide should be around 60% magnesium and 40% oxygen. Materials: * Goggles * Centigram or analytical balance * 2-4 cm magnesium ribbon * Steel
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