lattice is collapses and the solid is converted into liquid. The trend in structure is from the metallic oxides containing giant structures of ions on the left of the period via a giant covalent oxide in the middle to molecular oxides on the right. Sodium peroxide‚ magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide are metallic oxide which have high melting and boiling point compared to other period 3 oxide. This is due to their giant ionic structure and the strong ionic bond. Strong ionic bond in the molecule need
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Also known as "benzoate of soda‚" sodium benzoate is an FDA-approved‚ polyunsaturated fat that has been used by food manufacturers for over 80 years to inhibit microbial growth. As a food additive it is used as a preservative‚ effectively killing most yeasts‚ bacteria and fungi. Sodium benzoate is effective only in acidic conditions (pH < 3.6) making its use most prevalent in foods such as preserves‚ salad dressings (vinegar)‚ carbonated drinks (carbonic acid)‚ jams (citric acid)‚ fruit juices (citric
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Kinetics Factors Affecting Reaction Rate OVERVIEW Chemical reactions occur at different rates. In this experiment you will consider some of the key factors that influence the rate of a reaction: nature of reactants - particle size temperature concentration catalysts According to the collision theory‚ the rate of a reaction depends on the frequency of collisions between reacting particles. The more frequent the collisions‚ the faster the rate of the reaction. However‚ in order for the collisions
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In this report‚ the concentration of total protein and albumin were calculated with the interpretation of a standard curve. To determine the concentration of total protein in human serum‚ a total protein assay was performed by using the Biuret reagent. Proteins react to this compound because it contains two amide bonds. When the Biuret reagents is introduced to a sample of protein‚ it forms a blue or violet complex. The concentration of albumin in human serum is determined by using the Bromocresol
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out so that tubes containing a reaction solution of the Amylase enzyme and starch were simultaneously mixed. The reactions were then introduced to I2-KI‚ which stopped the reactions‚ at two minute intervals. Each of these trials was repeated three times to ensure proper accuracy. After concluding the reactions they were placed into a spectrophotometer (A580) for analysis. Graphing the values of the absorbance to time for each pH it was found that the rate of reactions in the neutral pH solutions were
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SOLUTION AND CONCENTRATION A solution is a homogeneous mixture‚ made up of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Ex. In a water (aqueous) solution of sodium chloride‚ the sodium chloride is the solute and the water is the solvent. Solute – the component that is dissolved or is the least abundant component in the solution. Ex. Sugar‚ salt Solvent – the dissolving agent or the most abundant component in the solution. Ex. Water Common Types of Solution State of Solution State of Solute
Free Concentration
Investigation of the rate of photosynthesis of pondweed. Research question: How does the concentration of sodium bicarbonate relate to the amount of oxygen produced by Elodea (Canadian pond weed) in the process of photosynthesis? Hypothesis: If there is an increase in concentration of sodium bicarbonate the amount of oxygen produced will increase because the sodium bicarbonate concentration will increase the carbon dioxide levels. Independent variable- Concentrations of sodium bicarbonate (8%‚6%‚4%‚2%
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Introduction “The Enzyme Reaction” An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst‚ which brings out a biochemical reaction. A Catalase enzyme‚ the enzyme tested in this experiment‚ is found in almost all living organisms that are exposed daily to oxygen (such as fruits‚ vegetables and animals). Background Information The Catalase enzyme in this experiment is known for being less affective the warmer the temperature is. According to “Science fair projects” an enzyme becomes unstable
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Decomposition of Sodium Chlorate Mass‚ Moles‚ and the Chemical Equation Introduction: Sodium chlorate is used as a source of oxygen in emergency oxygen generators. So-called oxygen canisters or oxygen candles are found on airplanes‚ submarines‚ even the space station–anywhere where oxygen might be in short supply in case of an emergency. Sodium chlorate decomposes upon heating or in the presence of metals to give oxygen gas. What the chemical equation for the decomposition of sodium chlorate?
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Clostridium Difficile People getting medical care can catch serious infections called healthcare-associated infections or HAI’s. One type of HAI which is caused by the germ Clostridium Difficile or C-Diff. In 2015 it was estimated almost half a million infections in the United Ststes‚ and 29‚000 died within 30 days of the initial diagnosis. Those most at risk are older adults‚ who take antibiotics and also get medical care. The CDC provides guidelines and tools for the healthcare population to help
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