affect the equilibrium system‚ explain and interpret the results based on Le Chatelier’s principle. The shifts in the position of the equilibrium were induced by the change in concentration and temperature. In changing the concentration‚ different reagents were added to a solution at equilibrium state. In changing the temperature‚ a solution inside a test tube was heated while another one was cooled. The changes in color of the solution indicated that a shift in the equilibrium occurred. II. KEYWORDS:
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FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – MAKING AND PURIFYING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Stage 1 – Deciding how much reagent to use Most organic reactions do not go to completion; most reach an equilibrium position with significant quantities of reactants still remaining. In addition‚ separating the desired product from the rest of the reaction mixture‚ and then purifying it‚ will result in the loss of more of the product. The amount of product obtained expressed as a percentage
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OBJECTIVE: 1. To distinguish the bacteria abilities to metabolize various substrates and end products formed. 2. To observe the growth of different bacteria species in term of structures and its morphology based on different chemical substance applied. 3. To observe physiological and immunological properties utilized by different species of bacteria. INTRODUCTION: Bacteria biochemical testing can determine the types and numbers in terms of colony forming units of bacteria present in a
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September 12‚ 2012‚ from http://www.earlham.edu/~chem/chem111f03/labs/Experiment%2011.pdf/ The Synthesis of Apirin. (n.d.). Retrieved September 12‚ 2012‚ from http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/quick/csustan/aspirin.htm/ Excess and limiting Reagents. (n.d.). Retrieved September 14‚ 2012‚ from http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c120/limitn.html
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VIHS/ Department of Chemistry Chemistry Revision Unit II (Edexcel) (01) a) When lithium nitrate and sodium nitrate are heated separately‚ both decompose giving oxygen gas as one of the products. (i) Which of these two nitrates would decompose at the lower temperature? .........................................................………………………………………….................... (ii) Give the name of any other product formed when sodium nitrate is heated. .....................................................
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Classification Tests for Hydrocarbons Authors: Goldie Ann Tejada‚ Allain Joseph S. Templo‚ Kristinlyn Trajano‚ Kevin Viray‚ Quennie Yu Group 10‚ 2F-PH‚ Faculty of Pharmacy‚ University of Santo Tomas ABSTRACT The test compounds undergo different physical and chemical tests to differentiate their intrinsic physical properties and chemical properties. Physical state‚ color‚ and odor were noted through simple observation. Miscibility of the test compounds were noted through color change or a warming
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an equilibrium shift to the product side using an excess of one of the starting components. In this experiment‚ the excess reagent is acetic acid because it is not expensive and can easily be removed for the reaction. The acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol are removed by extraction with sodium bicarbonate and water. The limiting reagent is isopentyl alcohol. A limiting reagent is completely consumed when
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Synthesis of 3-methyl-3-heptanol In this experiment‚ an example of an organometallic compound which has a carbon magnesium bond will be utilized to form a tertiary alcohol. Grignard reagents have been extremely useful in the synthesis of a large number of classes of organic functional groups. Although Grignard reagents are unstable and decompose in air and moisture‚ they can be prepared and used immediately with moderate difficulty in the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory. Care will need
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carbohydrates and proteins‚ as well as the action of an enzyme on specific molecules. Introduction Unknown biological molecules can be correctly identified using various tests‚ including colorimetric chemical tests. Colorimetric tests are when a chemical reagent‚ such as Benedict’s‚ is used on a substance or solution and a certain color change occurs as a response. Carbohydrates and proteins‚ two of the larger types of biological molecules‚ also called macromolecules‚ are actually chains of molecules called
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Biruiet Test: Procedure Instead of the Biuret Reagent‚ the following may be used: * Fehling’s Solutions A and B * Sodium hydroxide and copper (II) sulphate solutions 1. Add 2 cm3 of the liquid food sample* to a clean‚ dry test tube 2. Add 2 cm3 of Biuret Reagent. Alternatively: * Use sodium hydroxide solution and copper sulphate solution instead. Add 1 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution (40% or bench solution) and 1% copper (II) sulphate solution dropwise – drop by drop - to
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