Biological Molecules: Carbohydrates‚ Lipids‚ Proteins By the end of this lab‚ the student should be able to: Identify the functional groups for each of the biomolecules that react in the following biochemical tests: Benedict’s test‚ Iodine test‚ Brown Bag test‚ Sudan III/IV test‚ and the Biuret’s Test. Describe the mechanism of reaction for: Benedict’s test‚ Iodine test‚ Sudan III/IV test‚ and the Biuret’s Test. Interpret the results when presented with data for each of the biochemical
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and grapefruit juice. Research: Benedict’s Reagent is a mixture of sodium compounds and copper sulphate. The copper ions are reduced by fructose (a reducing sugar) to form copper oxide‚ thus turning it from blue to a brick red/orange precipitate. The more red the precipitate is‚ the higher the concentration of reducing sugar in the solution tested. If more precipitate has formed‚ there are fewer copper ions remaining in the Benedict’s Reagent‚ therefore‚ the solution will appear less blue. This
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compound which acts as a reference in all titrimetric volumetric analysis. A secondary standard is titrants that is standardized against a primary standard or another standard solution and are used for certain types of analysis. A primary standard is a reagent that is extremely pure‚ stable‚ it’s not a hydrate/has no water of hydration and has high molecular weight. A primary standard is used to calibrate other standards referred to as working standards. Examples of primary standards for titration of acids
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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Al-Quds University Body Fluid Lab. Report Chemical Examination of Urine Prepared By : Lucia Principles Benedict’s Test for Reducing Sugars Urinary sugars when boiled in Benedict’s reagent reduce copper sulphate to a reddish cuprous oxide precipitate in hot alkaline medium‚ the intensity of which is proportional to the amount of sugar present in the urine. The results are reported as 1+‚2+‚ etc. depending upon the colour and intensity of the cuprous oxide precipitate
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Stoichiometry and Limiting Reagents Theodore A. Bieniosek I. Purpose and Theory The purpose of the experiment is to study and apply the processes of stoichiometric calculation on a controlled chemical reaction. We will be adding variable amounts of reactants in a chemical reaction in order to demonstrate the effect of limiting reagents. Based on the volumes of the reactants‚ and their respective molarities‚ we can calculate the theoretical yield of the reaction and compare it to the
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Comment: Treat a Grignard reagent as an alkyl nucleophile i.e. CH3MgBr is equivalent to CH3- nucleophile. The Grignard reagent can also react with RX to form a longer chain alkane. Example: CH3CH2MgBr + CH3CH2Br CH3CH2CH2CH3 + MgBr2 In general‚ basicity parallels nucleophilic strength since both of them depend on the availability of the lone pair of electrons. The Grignard reagent is not only able to function as a nucleophile; it can operate as a base too by reacting with water to
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and maintained the temperature of the reaction mixture between 35-40 ̊ c by using hot water path. After that‚ 10 drops of the reaction mixture from the flask were taken after 10 minutes and added to a test tube which contained 1.00 ml of Benedict’s reagent. The test tube was placed in hot water for about 2.00 minutes and changes in color were noticed. The last step was repeated every 10.00 minutes for 6 times. The same procedure was used for carrot solution and rate of fermentation for both solutions
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Title : The movement of substances across a semi permeable membrane Objective : To study the movement of substances across a semi permeable membrane Problem statement : What factor influences the diffusion of substances through a semi permeable membrane? Hypothesis : The diffusion of molecules across a semi permeable membrane is based on the size of the molecule Variables: a) Manipulated : Size of solute molecules b) Responding : Colour of solution c) Fixed : Temperature and time
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“Use of Biuret Reagent to Test for Proteins In Food” Cindy Zhou Introduction Protein is a series of amino acids that are connected together by peptide bond. The bond is located between the end of previous amino acid‚ which is the carboxyl group‚ and the head of next amino acid‚ which is a amino group. The Biuret reagent is a solution of copper sulfate and potassium hydroxide. When peptide bond are presented‚ the copper (II) will interact with them (MadSci Network: General Biology). It is
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Copper-Silver Nitrate Reaction Introduction In this experiment copper wire will be placed in a solution of silver nitrate. This single replacement reaction will produce a blue solution of copper II nitrate and solid silver. By weighing the reactants before the reaction‚ the mass of silver produced can be predicted. This theoretical yield can be compared to the actual yield of silver. Purpose Students will compare the theoretical mass of silver with the actual mass of silver from the single
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