unusually high MP; ~70 – 100 °C higher than ortho and meta isomers Solubility behavior – insoluble in water; soluble in nonpolar organic solvents – para isomer is less soluble than ortho or meta in any given solvent can be readily purified by recrystallization Consider: REACTIONS: 1. Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) – recall directing power (o‚ p director) but ring is deactivated toward EAS. 2. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (NAS or SNAr) ipso substitution an atom or group other
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experiment was to synthesise a small amount of aspirin with salicylic acid as the starting product and sulphuric acid as the catalyst. The product obtained from this reaction will be impure and will need to be purified. This will be done by recrystallization. We will then record the products’ melting point and calculate the yield in order to determine the degree of purity of the aspirin sample. Diagrammatic scheme for the reaction: OBSERVATIONS: When 5g of salicylic acid‚ 7.5 cm3 of ethanoic anhydride
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Abstract This experiment will explain what the Rockwell hardening test is and why it is used‚ how the experiment was conducted‚ data that was found‚ and the importance of testing the hardness of materials. This experiment explains and proves how the hardness of materials can be increased by alloying and heat treating. Intro – Rockwell Hardness Testing Soft and hard qualities exist in materials. In materials‚ hardness measures the ability of a material to resist scratching‚ indentation‚ or penetration
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The purpose of the experiment was to perform an electrophilic addition reaction by the bromination of cinnamic acid. The product of this reaction is 3-Phenyl-2‚3-dibromo propionic acid‚ which is purified by recrystallization. Cinnamic acid (3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid) is an unsaturated carboxylic acid. The electron rich π cloud (see Figure 1) in the double bond of this structure is nucleophilic and can be considered a Lewis base. It can therefore be saturated by the addition of a halogen to the double
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Investigating Aspirin Aims Synthesize my own aspirin Analyse the purity of my aspirin samples (aspirin and recrystallized aspirin) compared to commercial aspirin by use of analysing melting points‚ TLC plates and colorimetry tests Investigate how pH effects the rate of hydrolysis of aspirin Background theory Making my own sample of Salicylic acid (to then be converted into Aspirin) Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) can be made by hydrolysing methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate. Oil
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Adol Condensation Introduction: This reaction is carried out by adding benzaldehyde and acetone into a flask. The product created is a 1‚5-diphenyl-1‚4-pentdiene-3-one‚ which includes two double bonds‚ and two benzyl ring functional groups. This is a dehydration reaction that occurs twice in order to form the diene. After obtaining the product‚ via vacuum filtration‚ it will be recrystallized and then analyzed for purity by determining both products’ melting point. The two products will be
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more stable minerals 6. What is foliation? Minerals that layer because of stress 7. Why are foliated rocks often unstable when exposed at the surface? They are very similar to lindeslides 8. Describe temperature increases and recrystallization. New crystal lattices and mineral types- causes minerals to grow larger 9. What are migmatites and how are they formed? A rock that has both igneous and metamorphic traits‚ temp becomes so great that it begins melting 10. What changes
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Synthesis of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of its Purity and Dissociation Constant ------------------------------------------------- Abstract The purpose of the study is to synthesize salicylic acid from the ester‚ methyl salicylate‚ and determine the acid’s dissociation constant and purity. The ester was converted to salicylic acid by base hydrolysis. The products were refluxed and recrystallized‚ to ensure maximum purity‚ and filtered‚ dried‚ and weighed. The melting point
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NAME OF COURSE COURSE CODE CREDIT TOTAL STUDENT LEARNING HOURS PREREQUISITE LEARNING OUTCOME : : : : Organic Chemistry I CHM 3201 4 (3+1) 160 hours per semester : : None At the end of the course‚ students will be able to: 1. Define and explain the basic concepts in organic chemistry such as electronegativity‚ orbital hybridization‚ nomenclature‚ resonance and isomerism‚ as well as organic reactions mechanisms (C4‚ CTPS) 2. to conduct experiments that demonstrate the characteristic reactions
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H2SO4 via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The HNO3 and H2SO4 were combined to form a nitrating solution‚ which was mixed with a mixture of methyl benzoate and H2SO4. Percent yield for the final product was calculated followed by recrystallization and melting point was measured. Introduction: Nitration of Methyl Benzoate is one of the examples of Electrophilic aromatic substitutions. The use of a mixture of Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid is the classic way to make NO2+. The two
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