Principles of Human Physiology‚ 4e (Stanfield) Chapter 20 The Gastrointestinal System 20.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following is NOT a basic process of the gastrointestinal system? A) digestion B) filtration C) absorption D) secretion E) motility Answer: B Diff: 4 Page Ref: 568 2) Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall‚ from lumen to external surface? A) mucosa submucosa muscularis externa serosa
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paravertebral ganglia‚ collateral (prevertebral) ganglia‚ and terminal ganglia. Which division uses which? Which division has long preganglionic fibers? Long postganglionic fibers? Compare/contrast the autonomic reflex with the somatic reflex. What portions of the CNS modify the autonomic reflex? What neurotransmitter is used in all preganglionic fibers? What is the receptor in the ganglia? Why is the adrenal medulla included in the sympathetic nervous system? What does it release‚ and what effect
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impossible‚ but in some cases patients can tell what happened while they were “dead”. The easiest know way to see if a person is alive or dead is to shine a light into the eyes and look for a reflex. If there is no reflex then the person is dead. This “reflex” is from the brain stem; if it does not reflex then you know that the patient is dead. Is this even possible? From medical standards no‚ but Peterson says differently. He states that people have three parts not only body and mind but soul
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cell (which is connected to the CNS) -The long axon (insulated too by myelin sheath) ends at muscle fibres to allow a response -The direction of movement is always from the CNS to the effector. Reflex responses: -They are fast and automatic -They are defensive (protect your body) -Reflex arc: the
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NPB 101L Final Exam Review Lab 2 – Skeletal Muscle 1. Describe basic setup a. What was manipulated? Intensity‚ frequency b. What was measured? Twitch tensions c. What concepts were investigated? i. Frog‚ sciatic nerve‚ gastroc‚ d. What was investigated? i. Effects of stimulus frequency and intensity on contraction-the more intensity‚ the higher the twitch tension. The more freq- the more twitch tension (By ~4.0pps we start to see summation of the twitches and by ~15pps we see no single twitches
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Unit 004 – Child Development. Section 1. A good introduction should introduce child development with particular attention to ‘holistic’ development and describe expected patterns of development and what this means. Child development is a stage that every child goes through. This process involves learning and mastering skills like sitting‚ walking‚ talking‚ skipping‚ eating and tying shoes. Children learn these skills called developmental milestones during predictable time periods. Children develop
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food‚ which is known as a simple reflex (Kowalski & Westen‚ 2011‚ Chapter 5). Moreover‚ he noticed that when a dog was presented or introduced to a stimulus such as a ringing bell simultaneously with being fed‚ the dog would begin to salivate when he heard the bell even if food was not present when the bell was rang (Kowalski & Westen‚ 2011‚ Chapter 5). This formed the conclusion‚ that the dog had associated the bell with food‚ and because food produced a reflex of salivation from the dog‚ the bell
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salivation that occurred when the dogs where presented with food as an unconditioned response‚ an inborn reflex or instinct that did not require learning‚ caused by the presence of the food which he referred to as an unconditioned Stimulus; as food is necessary for survival it is instinctual to crave it. Through his experiments he discovered that if a particular neutral stimulus‚ with no inborn reflex response‚ such as a bell ringing‚ was combined with an unconditioned stimulus such as food then the dogs
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can take minutes or days‚ the response also being longer lived: the one exception to the latter being the hormones Adrenaline and Noradrenaline. The best example of the speed available to the nervous system is evidenced by the Reflex Arc‚ Figure 1 below. Figure 1. The Reflex Arc.
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cutaneous sensory stimulus. Local Sign • Principle where the integrative centers of the cord cause groups of muscles to contract effectively and remove the pained part of the body from the object that cause pain. Local Sign Withdrawal • A reflex directing the limb away from noxious stimuli. • An indicative of a modular organization of spinal cord. Windup-Crossover Test • Test employing a sequence of stimuli not more than 3 seconds‚ used to assess whether common
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