Donoghue vs Stevenson (1932) is the first case law relevant of liability to third party. However‚ in this case‚ the liability is only established if there are physical harms of loss by third parties (not economic losses) Candler & Crane Chrismas (1951) is the next stage of development‚ where there is liability for financial loss if there is a contractual relationship‚ a fiduciary relationship or a fraud Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd vs Heller & Parties Ltd (1963) is a significant point of development
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Google optimise code by compressing the code. Browser detection – detect which version of browser user is using to adjust viewing settings Security issues? Tested? Wc3.org Gpl apps ie libreoffice Elearning per version Help email/telephone D1 Unit 20 Explore how web pages using scripts are implemented in different web browsers Various versions of browsers require specific scripts because the older browsers will need to use the older scripts as they are not designed to run on the later browsers
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disadvantages of the Internet: *Fraud and Theft Fraud and theft is the largest complaint consumers have about the Internet. These cyber crimes impact individuals and organizations and causes serious damage in society. Lurking across the dark corners of the web are identity thieves‚ embezzlers‚ organized groups of cyber criminals‚ social engineers‚ malware creators‚ copyright offenders and fraudulent businesses designed to rip off and defraud people intentionally. The Internet has provided cyber criminals
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ARTICLE #19 Vicarious Liability: What Is It and How Does It Apply? From Coverys Risk Management (Tracy L. Melina‚ BS‚ MBA‚ CPHRM) In healthcare‚ there are two main categories of liability: primary and secondary. And while most physicians and other clinicians are constantly aware of how their own actions and decisions affect risk and safety‚ it’s easy to forget about the type of secondary liability known as “vicarious liability” because this type of liability applies when adverse outcomes result
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Professional and Design Liability BE0892 Practice Specialisation Professional Liability Liability for injury‚ including bodily or personal injury or death‚ and property damage arising out of the negligent act or omission of a professional‚ ie‚ pharmacist‚ physician‚ attorney‚ architect‚ engineer‚ in performance of their professional activities. How can liability arise? Contract Tort Statute and regulations e.g. Supply of Goods and Services Act‚ Building Regs. Express terms Implied terms
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BY THE INCOME TAX ACT ------------------------------------------------- Tax Exemptions are a deduction allowed by the law to reduce the amount of income that is subject to tax‚ these exemptions come in many forms but what they have in common is they reduce or entirely eliminate tax obligations. These exemptions can be categorized into two‚ exemptions based on the identity of the receipt and exemptions based on the nature of income .The amounts which enjoy exemption from income tax by reason of
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Growth This paper investigates the design of tax structures to promote economic growth. It suggests a “tax and growth” ranking of taxes‚ confirming results from earlier literature but providing a more detailed disaggregation of taxes. Corporate taxes are found to be most harmful for growth‚ followed by personal income taxes‚ and then consumption taxes. Recurrent taxes on immovable property appear to have the least impact. A revenue neutral growth-oriented tax reform would‚ therefore‚ be to shift part
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It is observed in the recent years that most of the organizations in the market fail when it comes to executing the strategy that they had panned initially. There is a failure percentage of 80% - 90% when it comes to the implementation of the strategy; this has been reported by various sources (Chris Zook‚ 2010). The Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors (2012) states that for interior review to stay important‚ it ought to adjust to changing desires and keep up arrangement with the association’s
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Amanda Fultz Mark Davis BUL 2131-43 8-19-2013 Liability for Agent’s Contracts You run a successful paper mill and send out your three best personnel to secure new wood pulp sources using due diligence and skill. Applying the agency principles outlined in this chapter‚ answer the following questions. Delilah‚ does not return with wood pulp‚ but brings back three contracts. Acting within the scope of her authority‚ she contracted
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Q _ Tran Nam Quan: Blue Bui Minh Tri Quy : Task 1: Which of the following items are income: Rent from a residential rental property rented by a young family? yes‚ ordinary income under sec. 6-5 A birthday gift ? No A dividend from BP? Yes‚ Statutory income under sec.44(1) ITAA 1936 Wages and Salaries from your employer? Yes. Ordinary income under sec 6-5 Bank Interest Received? Yes‚ Ordinary income under sec 6-5(2) Your boss takes you out to dinner? No An allowance paid for
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