Differences Between Ionic and Covalent Compounds Abstract In chemistry‚ a compound is a substance formed from two or more elements‚ with a fixed ratio determining the composition. A defining characteristic of a compound is that it has a chemical formula. Formulas describe the ratio of numbers of atoms in a substance. Compounds may have a number of possible phases. For a compound to be a liquid or a gas and still be called a compound‚ atoms from the various elements must be stuck together in
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Trinity Grammar School Year 12 HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination (April‚ 2010) This examination contributes 15% towards your final assessment Time Allowed: 3 hours (plus 5 minutes reading time) Student Number:________________________________________ Format of paper Part A: 20 multiple choice questions (worth 1 mark each). All answers must be entered in the special multiple choice Answer sheet provided. Part B: Free response questions worth 80 marks in total. All answers must be written
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EXPERIMENT 13： Extraction: Extraction with acid and alkali Objective 1. To recover the benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene from its mixture from its mixture by using acid-alkali extraction. 2. To determine the percentage recovery and melting point of the recovered benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene. Introduction Acid-base extraction is a process which purifying the acids and bases from mixtures based on their chemical properties. Acid-base extraction is performed to isolate the compounds and natural
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___K______ 3. potassium ___I______ 4. iodine ___H______ 5. hydrogen ___N______ 6. nitrogen ____Ca_____ 7. calcium ____Na_____ 8. sodium ____P_____ 9. phosphorus ____Mg_____ 10. magnesium ____Cl_____ 11. chloride ____Fe_____ 12. iron In the space below‚ list the chemicals (above) from the MOST abundant in the human body to the LEAST abundant. Oxygen‚ Carbon‚ Hydrogen‚ Nitrogen‚ Calcium‚ Phosphorus‚ Potassium‚ Sodium‚ Chloride‚ magnesium‚ iodine‚ iron For the statements below‚ highlight
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steps: (1) thoroughly mixing the solution with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (saturated salt solution) and discarding the aqueous layer (this is a preliminary drying step that removes most of the water) and (2)‚ adding a solid inorganic drying agent (this strongly binds to the remaining traces of water dissolved in the organic solvent)‚ allowing it to remain in contact with the solution for several minutes‚ then separating the solution from the solid drying agent. The solvent can then be
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are divided mainly into two groups on the basis of physical and chemical properties – Metal and Non-metal. Metals: Part - I Physical Properties of Metals:- Hardness:- Most of the metals are hard‚ except alkali metals‚ such as sodium‚ potassium‚ lithium‚ etc. Sodium‚ potassium‚ lithium etc. are very soft metals‚ these can be cut using knife. Strength:- Most of the metals are strong and have high tensile strength. Because of this big structures are made using metals‚ such as copper and iron.
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in their physical properties in general‚ but they are not identical. Most of the metals are solids; few of them are liquids‚ such as mercury and cesium. Density of metals is not similar also. For example‚ sodium has density of 0.97g/cm3 while lead has density of 11.4g/cm3. Melting point of sodium is 98.0oC while for lead it is 327.6oC. Metals have the capability to lose electrons when they react with non-metals such as O2‚ halogens‚ water‚ acids and other metal cations. Metals react with non-metals
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chlorine-containing metabolites‚ such as chlorite and chloride ions. Abdel-Rahman et al. (1980b) developed a method to quantitatively and qualitatively measure the metabolites of chlorine dioxide (e.g.‚ ClO2-‚ and ClO-) in biological fluids. These biomarkers can be used to indirectly measure chlorine dioxide exposure. The concentration of residual chlorite ion in vegetables and eggs treated with sodium chlorite was determined by UV-ion chromatography (Suzuki et al. 1997). Sodium chlorite was extracted with water and
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Vitamins and minerals :are often called micronutrient because body needs only small amount of them. Vita-life Amine-containing nitrogen • Vitamins are the organic compounds which enhance the metabolism of proteins‚ carbohydrates and fats. • Without vitamins the breakdown of food could not occur. • vitamins are participate in the formation of blood cells hormones nervous system and genetic material Classification of vitamins: Fat soluble vitamins ‚ *Water soluble vitamins Fat soluble
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a molar mass of 12.01 grams per mole.There are a few exceptions to this rule. In some cases‚ the element is usually found in a different form than just one unbonded atom. In the case of hydrogen‚ nitrogen‚ oxygen‚ fluorine‚ chlorine‚ bromine‚ and iodine‚ the element is diatomic‚ meaning that each molecule of the element has two atoms of that element stuck together. As a result‚ the formula of hydrogen is H2‚ nitrogen is N2‚ etc.This gets weirder for a couple of cases... phosphorus is normally found
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