pairs of acid and base. Theory: When alkali neutralizes an acid‚ a salt and water are formed. Aqueous hydrogen ions‚ H+(aq) from the acid react with the hydroxide ions‚ OH-(aq) from the alkali‚ forming water. Ionic equation: H+ (aq)+OH- (aq) → H2O (l) The identity of the salt will depend on the nature of the acid and alkali used. The combination of H+ and OH- ions in this way releases energy. In this practical‚ the enthalpy changes accompanying different neutralization reactions will be measured
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KNO3 NaOH HC2H3O2 Na2CO3 NaC2H3O2 NaHCO3 Fe(NO3)3 NaNO3 Na3PO4 HCl MgSO4 KOH HNO3 Na2SO4 NaHPO4 CuSO4 NaNO2 CoCl2 Al(NO3)3 NiCl2 H2SO4 KCl NH4Cl 12. CuSO4 CuCO3.Cu(OH)2(s) + 2 H2SO4(aq) ----> 2 CuSO4(aq) + CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l) Na3PO4 Na3PO4 (aq) + 3H2O (l) --> H3PO4 (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) 13. Arrhenius definition says that a base yields the hydroxide ion (OH-) in an aqueous solution. Arrhenius definition is dependent on substances in aqueous solutions. On the other hand
Free PH Acid dissociation constant Acid
Temperature (°C) Convert to: g NH4Cl 100 mL H2O 1 2g 5.0 44°C 40g NH4Cl 2 2.2g 5.0 50°C 44g NH4Cl 3 2.4g 5.0 57°C 48g NH4Cl 4 2.6g 5.0 61°C 52g NH4Cl 5 2.8g 5.0 66°C 56g NH4Cl Data Table 2: Experiment Results Solubility of NH4Cl (g/100 mL H20) Crystallization Temperature (°C) 40g NH4Cl 44°C 44g NH4Cl 50°C 48g NH4Cl 57°C 52g NH4Cl 61°C 56g NH4Cl 66°C Data Table 3: Solubility Results Compound Mixture Soluble or Insoluble? Distilled H2O + Na2SO4 soluble Corn Oil + Na2SO4 insoluble
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(aq) → Cu2+ (aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) Cu(s‚ brown) + 4H3O+ (aq) + 2NO3 – (aq) → [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq‚ blue) + 2NO2 (g‚ gas) (b) Part II H3O+ (aq) + OH- (aq) → 2H2O(l) [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq‚ blue) + 2 OH- (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s‚ blue) + 6H2O (l) (c) Part III Cu(OH)2 (s‚ blue) CuO (s‚ black) + H2O (l) (d) Part IV CuO (s‚ black) + 2 H3O+ (aq) + 3 H2O (l) → [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq‚ blue) (e) Part V [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq‚ blue) + Zn(s‚ gray) → Cu(s‚ brown) + Zn2+ (aq‚ colorless) + 6H2O (l) Zn(s‚ gray)
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chloride is hydrated‚ has the formula [Ni(H2O)6]Cl2‚ and is more properly called hexaquonickel(II) chloride. If ammonia is added to a solution of this salt‚ ammonia molecules compete with the water in bonding Ni2+ and because the ammonia forms a stronger bond than water‚ the ammonia replaces the water according to: [Ni(H2O)6]Cl2(aq) + 6 NH3(aq) → [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2(aq) + 6 H2O (l) or‚ as a net ionic equation [Ni(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 6 NH3(aq) → [Ni(NH3)6]2+(aq) + 6 H2O (l) In this net ionic equation‚ the product
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This process is summarized by a chemical equation. In the Balancing Chemical Equations Gizmo™‚ look at the floating molecules below the initial reaction: H2 + O2 H2O. 1. How many atoms are in a hydrogen molecule (H2)? 2 2. How many atoms are in an oxygen molecule (O2)? 2 3. How many hydrogen and oxygen atoms are in a water molecule (H2O)? 2 H‚ 1 O 4. In general‚ what does a subscript (such as the “2” in H2) tell you about the molecule? The subscript tells you how many atoms of each element are in
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2011 Mr. Nasir Uddin Pre Lab Questions: 1. CaBr2 (aq) + K3PO4 (aq) → CA(PO4)2(S) + KBr (aq) = Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 KBr Double Replacement 2. Li(s) + O2(g) = Li2O(s) =2 Li2O Decomposition 3. CH4 + O2 = CO2 + H2O = CO2 + 2 H2O Combination 4. AgBr(s) = Ag (s) + Br2(l) = 2 Ag + Br2 Combination 5. Mg(s) + H2SO4 (aq) = MgSO4 + H2 Decomposition Table Three: Formation of Salt via Double Replacement Reaction 0.1 KNO3 * (NO3)2 0.1 M AgNO3 0.1M NaCl
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occurs; the zinc appears to “dissolve” and what appears to be “steam” comes off out of container. | single-displacement reaction | Zn + 2 HCl (aq) --> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) | 3. Black smoke occurs | decomposition reactions | 2 (H2O2)(aq) MnO2 2 (H2O) + (O2) | 4. reddish-brown deposit on the surface of iron; surface of the iron is found corroded; the blue solution turns light green | single-displacement reaction | Fe + CuSO4(aq) --> FeSO4 + Cu | 5. PbSO4 (milk white) | double-displacement
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the above 2. (0.5 marks) What is the mass of 0.45 mol S? Choose the closest value. A. B. C. D. E. 9.7 g 0.45 g 14 g 0.049 g 15 g 3. (0.5 marks) Balance the following equation using the smallest whole number coefficients. C5H10O5 + O2 → H2O + CO2 What is the coefficient of O2 ? A. B. C. D. E. 2 3 5 6 none of the above 4. (0.5 marks) Sulfurous acid‚ H2SO3‚ is A. B. C. a strong electrolyte a weak electrolyte a nonelectrolyte CHEM 120 (Fall 2011) 5. Test #1 (Version 001) Page
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this particular experiment we will be using solvent H2O. using a hot plate bring to a boil 0.5 g of impure Benzoic Acid and about 10ml of the H2O‚ if Benzoic Acid has not dissolved continue adding small portions of H2O. Once completely dissolved place the flask in an ice bucket to cool the solution‚ you should see white crystals forming. We must then separate the crystals from the liquid by doing a vacuum filtration using Buchner funnel. With cold H2O wash the crystals‚ dry with filter paper‚ and weight
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