decreased bicarbonate‚ or HCO3. Diabetic Acidosis Diabetic acidosis happens when there is too much of the acid known as ketones in the body due to diabetes. A diabetic may not have enough insulin to break down blood sugar‚ so the body uses fat to digest the sugars. Ketones are the byproduct of this alternative process. Blood gases would show a pH lower than 7.4‚ low bicarbonate levels‚ and a low PcO2. Hyperchloremic Acidosis Hyperchloremic acidosis is caused by too much sodium bicarbonate in the
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Institute Introduction The Consulting Chemists Institute was contracted by a local food manufacturer to determine if sodium benzoate‚ a common food preservative‚ undergoes significant chemical changes at the pH level encountered in the acidic environment of the stomach. Experimental Method Sodium benzoate was prepared by addition of an equimolar amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide (3 M‚ ~ 20 ml) to a benzoic acid (1.256 g‚ 10.3 mmol) /water mixture (10 ml). Benzoic acid is insoluble in water
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Sodium is a mineral that is present only in small quantities in most natural foods‚ but salt is added‚ often in large amounts‚ in food processing and by cooks to enhance flavor. Sodium is the predominant ion in extra cellular fluid. Sodium (Na) is the predominant cation in extra cellular fluid and its concentration is under tight homeostatic control. Excess dietary sodium is excreted in the urine. The kidney very efficiently reabsorbs the mineral when intakes are low or losses are excessive. Sodium
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protein buffer systems 1. _______________________________________________________________________ carbonic acid- bicarbonate system 2. _______________________________________________________________________ phosphate buffer system 3. _______________________________________________________________________ 2. Write the equation showing the relationship of CO2 and H2O levels with bicarbonate and hydrogen ion levels: H2CO3 H+ + Hco3 CO2 + H2O ________________ ____________________ 3. increased A decrease
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William Piumbroeck Chem 214 Acid-Base Titration‚ Determination of Carbonate and Bicarbonate in a water sample Introduction The purpose of this lab is to determine the concentration of two bases‚ carbonate and bicarbonate‚ by using a potentiometric titration. We can determine the concentration of the bases in the reactions ( H+ +CO3- < ==> HCO3- and H+ + HCO3- < ==> H2CO3-) by the way the pH of the solution changes. The way the pH changes when a strong acid is added can
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STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA The data collected by the researcher throughout the survey study were recognized and classified based from the formulated problems. The data were coded‚ tallied and tabulated to facilitate the interpretation and presentation of the obtained results using the following: 1. Frequency and Percentage The frequency and percentage distribution were used to classify the respondents according to participate profile variable such as age and gender. It also presented the actual
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Buffer systems * prevent major changes in pH of body fluids by removing or releasing H+ * act quickly to prevent excessive changes in H+ concentration. Body’s major extracellular buffer system is “bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system”. There are 20 parts of (HCO3) to one part of (H2CO3). ---- [20:1]. When the ratio is no longer maintained‚ it will result to acid-base imbalance. Carbon dioxide is a potential acid; when dissolved in water‚ it becomes carbonic acid. Lungs under the
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causes * One key to distinguish between respiratory and metabolic acidosis is that in respiratory acidosis‚ the CO2 is increased while the bicarbonate is either normal (uncompensated) or increased (compensated). Compensation occurs if respiratory acidosis is present‚ and a chronic phase is entered with partial buffering of the acidosis through renal bicarbonate retention.* * Respiratory acidosis results from a build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood (hypercapnia) due to hypoventilation. It
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1: [pic] STEP 2: Look at pCO2 [pic] STEP 3: Look at Bicarbonate & Base excess (BE) [pic] Base excess (BE): Base excess is the amount mmol/l of base that is needed to correct pH back to normal when pCO2 is corrected to 5.3 kPa (40mmHg). [pic] STEP 4 Compensation: Remember that long standing respiratory acidosis (CO2 retention) results in compensatory metabolic alkalosis (raised Bicarbonate) and pH moves towards near normal‚ similarly long standing metabolic acidosis
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Objective: The purpose of the lab is to learn filtering techniques. Specifically‚ to form and filter a calcium carbonate precipitate using a Buchner funnel. Procedure: a.) Prepared a mixture of .5 M calcium nitrate (45 mL) and .01 M sodium carbonate by combining and stirring the two liquids in a beaker. Allow the mixture to stand. b.) Prepare the filtration assembly. The assembly consists of a tapered flask with a buchner funnel inserted in the top. The funnel has a rubber stopper attached
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