Extractive Metallurgy Minerals are naturally occurring chemical substances in the earth’s crust obtainable by mining. Out of many minerals in which a metal may be found‚ only a few are viable to be used as sources of that metal. Such minerals are known as ores. Examples: Galena‚ PbS‚ etc. It is usually contaminated with earthly or undesired materials known as gangue. The extraction and isolation of metals from ores involve the following major steps: • Concentration of the ore‚ • Isolation of the
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Dehydrating Agent: Dehydration of ethanol: ethanol ethylene + water C2H5OH (l) C2H4 (g) + H2O (l) Dehydration of sucrose: sucrose carbon + water C12H22O11 (s) 12C (s) + 11H2O (l) Oxidising Agent: The oxidation of copper into copper ions: FULL: Oxidation: Reduction: Cu (s) + 2H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + SO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) Cu (s) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e− H2SO4 (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + 2e− SO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) H2SO4 (l) + H2O (l) HSO4− (aq) + H3O (aq) ΔH = -90 kJ/mol Sulfuric Acid IONISATION: Step ONE: Step TWO: HSO4− (aq)
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Dixon‚ an American specialty chemical producer‚ wants to buy Collinsville plant from American Chemical Corporation‚ another typical chemical company in 1979. Dixon wants to diversify its product line buy acquiring the aforesaid plant‚ which produces sodium-chlorate to supply to paper producers in Southeastern part of the US. This plant initially cost 12 mln. USD and additional 2‚25 mln. USD needed to buy laminate technology to increase efficiency and profitability of the plant in order. Dixon has conducted
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Sodium‚ Hypertension‚ and an Explanation of "Lag Phenomenon" in Hemodialysis Patients Author: Zbylut Twardowski‚ MD‚ PhD I. INTRODUCTION Healthy kidneys clean your blood by removing excess fluid‚ minerals‚ and wastes. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and your blood healthy. When your kidneys fail‚ harmful wastes build up in your body‚ your blood pressure may rise‚ and your body may retain excess fluid and not make enough red blood cells. When this happens‚ you need treatment
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important safety feature in vehicles. Sodium azide‚ potassium nitrate and silicon dioxide have been used in one design of airbag. [Source: www.hilalairbag.net] Sodium azide‚ a toxic compound‚ undergoes the following decomposition reaction under certain conditions. 2NaN 3 (s) → 2Na (s) + 3N 2 (g) Two students looked at data in a simulated computer-based experiment to determine the volume of nitrogen generated in an airbag. (a) Sodium azide involves ionic bonding‚ and
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people with “mild hypertension”. The study showed that the participators with mild hypertension showed a “significant decrease in stiffness of large elastic arteries‚ improvement in left ventricular diastolic function and endothelial function‚ and reduction in left ventricular mass” after consuming potassium bicarbonate for 12 weeks straight (Sircus‚ 2016). Potassium bicarbonate outer appearance can be described as a white granular powder and soluble in water but not in alcohol. More importantly‚ potassium
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a series of reactions • Determine the stoichiometry of an oxidation-reduction reaction in which the reactants are known but the products are unknown Materials • Lab Quest • Lab Quest App • Temp. Probe • Two 10mL graduated cylinders • Two 25mL graduated cylinders • Two 50 mL graduated cylinders • Three 250mL beakers • 0.50 M sodium hypochlorite‚ NaOCI • 0.50 M sodium thiosulfate‚ Na S O • 0.2 M sodium hydroxide‚ NaOH • Styrofoam Cups Procedure Submitted as the carbon-less
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Date of experiment : 7th August 2012 Venue: ME204 INTRODUCTION Chemical reactions are regularly categorized into 3 types: oxidation-reduction (redox reaction)‚ precipitation (double displacement) and acid-base reaction (double displacement) Type 1: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Oxidation-reduction processes include the movements of electrons form oxidants to reductants‚ which lead to increases in oxidation number for oxidised species and decreases in oxidation
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the foil from further corrosion.[2]Different oxides of the same element are distinguished by Roman numerals denoting their oxidation number‚ e.g. iron(II) oxide versus iron(III) oxide. 1 Formation 2 Structure 2.1 Molecular oxides 3 Reactivity 3.1 Reduction 3.2 Hydrolysis 4 Nomenclature and formulas 5 Examples of oxides 6 See also 7 References Formation Main article: corrosion Due to its electronegativity‚ oxygen forms stable chemical bonds with almost all elements to give the corresponding oxides. Noble
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Reactions Lab Objectives: 1. To examine a variety of reactions including precipitation‚ acid-base‚ gas forming‚ and oxidation-reduction reactions. 2. To identify the products formed in these reactions and summarize the chemical changes in terms of balanced chemical equations and net ionic equations. 3. To identify the species being oxidized and reduced in oxidation-reduction reactions and determine which species is the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. Chemical equations represent what occurs
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