4.1 & 4.2: General properties of aqueous solutions and Precipitation Reactions: 1. (Brown 4.11) When asked what causes electrolyte solutions to conduct electricity‚ a student responds that it is due to the movement of electrons through the solution. Is the student correct? If not‚ what is the correct response? 2. (Brown 4.15) Specify what ions are present in solution upon dissolving each of the following in water: a. ZnCl2 c. (NH4)2SO4 b. HNO3 d. Ca(OH)2 3. (Brown 4.16 ) Specify
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oxidizing agents. Some products that contain oxidizing agents are bleaches‚ hair coloring agents‚ scouring powders‚ and toilet bowl cleaners. The most common oxidizing agent in bleaches is sodium hypochlorite‚ NaClO (sometimes written NaOCl). Commercial bleaches are created by bubbling chlorine gas into a sodium hydroxide solution (remember this from your “funky redox rxns”?). Some of the chlorine is oxidized to the hypochlorite ion‚ ClO- and some is reduced to the chloride ion‚ Cl- (a disproportionation
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aldehydes in the reaction. If no reflective silver surface is seen than that indicates the presence of ketones. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to make a reflective surface‚ similar to that of a mirror‚ by means of mixing Silver Nitrate with Sodium Hydroxide and by adding couple drops of ammonia and glucose to that solution. This could potentially form a thin film of metallic silver that coats the interior of a test tube used. Hypothesis: The silver metal will form on the bottom of the test
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and also acts as an anti-staling agent thereby extending shelf life. In margarine it has the added advantage of preventing water leakage‚ so preventing spitting when frying‚ and protecting beta-carotene (E160a Vitamin A). In chocolate it allows a reduction in the cocoa butter content‚ prevents crystals forming and reduces viscosity (see E476). Soya lecithin has the same binding ability as egg yolk lecithin and can be used in place of eggs in many products. It also helps powders mix quickly and easily
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KI masses‚ and the three volumes (from the three trials) needed to titrate the bleach Calculations (Data and Calculations Section in lab) 1. Use the equations given on the front page to determine the number of moles of sodium thiosulfate that are equivalent to one mole of sodium hypochlorite. 2. From your three trials‚ calculate the average volume of Na2S2O3 needed for the titration of 25.00mL of diluted bleach. 3. Use the average volume and the molarity of Na2S2O3 to determine the molarity of
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healthier lunches are failing are because of their taste. With the rules of these healthier foods nearly removing all sodium‚ salt‚ or sugar from these meals. It is hard for cooks to spice them properly in order to make food taste better. How often do you use salt or sugar in order to make something at least taste edible?
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Date: 25 Nov‚ 2004 Objective: 1. To standardize sodium thiosulphate for titration use. 2. To find out the concentration of Vitamin C in the tablet. Theory: This experiment involves titration of redox reaction. Redox reaction means reduction and oxidation. In which oxidizing agent and reducing agent are mixed and oxidize/reduce each other. One losses electron(s) and increase in oxidation number when is oxidized‚ and vice versa. In order to find out concentration of the ascorbic acid in the tablet
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Craford MA‚ Milne MD‚ and Scribner BH. The Effects of Changes in Acid-Base Balance on Urinary Citrate in the Rat. J. Physiol. 1959;149(2):413-423. Greenberg SG‚ Tershner S‚ and Osborn JL. Neurogenic Regulation of Rate of Achieving Sodium Balance after Increasing Sodium Intake. The American Physiological Society. 1991;261(2):300-37. Osborn JW‚ Jacob F‚ and Guzman P. A Neural Set Point for the Long-term Control of Arterial Pressure: Beyond the Arterial Baroreceptor Reflex. Am J Physiol Regul Integr
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2. Qualitative ORGANIC functional group tests in various homologous series | TEST FOR | TEST METHOD | OBSERVATIONS | TEST CHEMISTRY and comments | ALKENE or alkyne i.e. any non-aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double or triple carbon-carbon bond. | Bubble gas through‚ or add liquid to‚ a solution of bromine in hexane or water. | The orange/brown bromine rapidly decolourises‚ as a saturated colourless organic bromo-compound is formed. | R2C=CR2 + Br2 ==> BrR2C-CR2BrRCCR + 2Br2 ==> Br2RC-CRBr2R
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Topic 11a – Group 7‚ the Halogens Revision Notes 1) Trends in physical properties of the elements • At room temperature‚ Cl2 is a pale green gas‚ Br2 is a brown liquid‚ I2 is a blue-black solid. • In Group 7‚ boiling point increases down the group because the molecules have more electrons and‚ therefore‚ stronger van der Waal’s forces which require more energy to overcome them • Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract the electrons in a covalent bond • Down
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