determine the percentage composition of each substance in a salt mixture To better understand the concepts‚ we look at the reaction below. The reaction of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride is an aqueous system. The molecular form of the equation is Na2CO3.H2O + CaCl2.2H2O → CaCO3 + 2NaCl + 3H2O As the two reactant salts and sodium chloride are soluble in water but calcium carbonate is insoluble‚ the ionic equation for the reaction is that we present only the ions that react (after removing
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Report of redox titration--- Iodine titrated against sodium thiosulphate Objectives The objective of this experiment is to balance the equation for the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and iodine. Principle As the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and iodine is a redox reaction‚ so I make use of this to perform a redox titration‚ iodine titrated against sodium thiosulphate. From the experimental result‚ I can find out the number of mole of the two substances‚ hence I can calculate
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Chemicals in Food Chemicals are added to food for (i) their preservation‚ (ii) enhancing their appeal‚ and (iii) adding nutritive value in them. Main categories of food additives are as follows: (i) Food colours (ii) Flavours and sweeteners (iii) Fat emulsifiers and stabilising agents (iv) Flour improvers – antistaling agents and bleaches (v) Antioxidants (vi) Preservatives (vii) Nutritional supplements such as minerals‚ vitamins and amino acids. Except for chemicals of category (vii)‚ none
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How Do Different Factors Affect Osmosis Aim: To discover The Different factors that affect osmosis. Factors that affects the rate of osmosis in a potato: * Time * Temperature * Molar * Sucrose solution * NaCl solution * Concentration of liquid * Age of the potato * Variety of the potato * Potassium‚ K(AQ) Factor Chosen: Different Molar of Sucrose Solution In this investigation I will change the molar of sucrose solution to find the increase or decrease
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In part A‚ solutions needed in the experiment were prepared‚ and the LabQuest was set up. By adding 100mL 6M HCl to 200mL deionized water‚ 300mL of 2M HCl solution was prepared. Then 150mL 2M NaOH solution was prepared by adding 100mL 3M NaOH to 50mL deionized water. Finally‚ the LabQuest was connected to the temperature probe‚ and set up to collect data every 15 seconds‚ the duration was set to be 180 seconds. In part B‚ three reactions were performed. In reaction 1‚ two Styrofoam cups were stacked
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inches from the driveway. Furthermore‚ the grass seems to be growing more slowly up to 1 foot from the driveway. Question: Might grass growth be inhibited by salt? Introduction: The chemical components that make up salt are the fused elements of sodium and chloride (Editorial Board‚ 2012). If there is abundance or very little salts present in dissolve fluids‚ there could be interference with routine cell functions. Plants depend on water for fluids within the living cells. Too much salt disrupts
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R-C-O-R’ + NaOH ---- R-C-O-Na+ + R’OH Ester(fat) + base(caustic soda) ---- salt of fatty acid(soap) + alcohol(glycerol). Caustic potash (potassium hydroxide) can be used instead of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide)but is more expensive. The base used to come from wood ash containing potassium carbonate which formed potash as this was not plentiful it made soap a luxury. The cheapest source of the ester is animal and vegetable fats and oils.
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with a ketone employing sodium hydroxide as the base is an example of a mixed aldol condensation reaction‚ the Claisen-Schmidt reaction. Dibenzalacetone is readily prepared by condensation of acetone with two equivalents of benzaldehyde -26 -95 113.9 1. Weigh 0.212 g of pure benzaldehyde directly into a 10 x 100 mm reaction tube. 2. 2. Add 1.6 mL 95% ethanol and 2 mL of 3M sodium hydroxide solution. Then
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rate of reaction between hydrogen peroxide and an acidified solution of potassium iodide: H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2I⁻ → 2H2O(l) + I2(aq) The course of this reaction can be followed by carrying it out in the presence of small quantities of starch and sodium thiosulfate solutions. As the iodine molecules are produced they immediately react with the thiosulfate ions and are converted back to iodide ions: I2(aq) + 2S2O32⁻(aq) → 2I⁻(aq) + S4O62⁻(aq) During this period the reaction mixture remains colourless
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Muscle and Nerve Preparation Preparation of Ringer ’s solution Dissolve 6.5 g of sodium chloride (NaCl)‚ 0.14 g of potassium chloride (KCl)‚ and 0.20 g of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in 800 mL of distilled water. Also‚ dissolve 0.16 g of hydrated calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) and 0.39 g of hydrated magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O) in 100 mL of distilled water. Add the 100 mL cautiously to the 800 mL‚ stirring vigorously. Then make the final volume equal to 1 liter by adding more distilled water
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