constant mass. The percentage of moisture content can be determined by performing some simple calculations. Another method is‚ distillation method (dean & stark). A known weight of food is placed in a flask with an organic solvent such as xylene or toluene. The organic solvent must be insoluble with water‚ have a higher boiling point than water and less dense than water. (Faichney‚ G.J. and G.A.
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Jacobsen’s Method of Epoxidation of an Alkene | | Abstract Various types of reactions were completed to first create and then use Jacobsen’s catalyst in the asymmetric epoxidation of an unknown alkene with bleach in the laboratory. The chiral epoxide synthesized was then characterized with GC/MS and NMR. With this information the unknown alkene was able to be identified as 4-chlorostyrene. Introduction Organisms have evolved with mechanisms that use specific enantiomers of molecules
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2a: Infrared Spectroscopy and Analgesic Drug Identification Abstract: To be able to understand how organic soluble compounds could be isolated from non-organic components‚ a chromatographic separation process was used. The objective of the analgesic drug identification is to isolate the organic compounds/ active ingredients in an unknown drug. The identity of the drug was determined through melting point‚ percent recover‚ and Rf values. The comparable data for acetaminophen from the manufacturer
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2.1. Chemicals and Reagents Technical grade Propaquizafop (97.9%) was obtained from M/S Indofil Chemical Company‚ Mumbai and stored at –10°C in a deep freezer. All solvents and other chemicals used were of analytical reagent grade. All common solvents were redistilled in all glass apparatus before use. The suitability of the solvents and other chemicals were ensured by running reagent blanks before actual analysis. 2.2. Preparation of Soil Sample During 2004-05‚ laboratory simulation study on
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Response: “After sealing the bottle with a butyl rubber stopper and an aluminum crimp‚ the bottle was purged with pure nitrogen (for 10 min) to obtain anaerobic conditions.” This explanation is added to the revised manuscript. (Page 8‚ line 13-15) Comment 14: Page 8: Explain if pH was controlled during fermentation. In any case‚ do a reference in the result section to the pH at the end of fermentation Response: The pH was not directly controlled during the fermentation. In the line with typical
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Unknown #4 | Pale blue (weak +) | Procedure 6.4 When we added a few drops of vegetable oil to 5mL of water‚ the oil separated from the water‚ meaning it is insoluble in polar solvents. When we added a few drops of vegetable oil to 5mL of acetone‚ the oil mixed in with the acetone‚ meaning it is soluble with nonpolar solvents. Table 6.3 Solutions and Color Reactions for the Sudan IV Test for Lipids Solution | Description of Reaction | 1 mL vegetable oil + water | Oil separated from the water
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All the reagents and solvents used for synthesizing the title compound were of Analar grade (Merck) and were used as such without further purification. The 2-naphthol derived Mannich base 1-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)(phenyl)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (MPN) was synthesized according to the general procedure described in the literatures [13‚ 14]. The 2-naphthol (4.33 g‚ 0.03 mol) was dissolved in 30ml of ethanol and it was mixed with N-methylpiperizine (3.0 mL‚ 0.03 mol) by continuous stirrer at room
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heterogeneous mixture containing salt‚ sand‚ and benzoic acid can be separated using the separate components’ solubility properties (ability to dissolve in water). Because it is known that organic compounds (such as benzoic acid) are very soluble in organic solvents‚ a hexane: ethanol mixture was used to dissolve the acid. Also‚ because it is known that sodium chloride dissolves in water‚ water was used to dissolve the NaCl. Along with separating the components of a heterogeneous mixture‚ the percent recovery
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2-3 days with regular stirring. The mixture was then filtered by using Whatman No. 4 filter paper in to a glass beaker. 300ml of other solvent‚ Chloroform‚ was then added in the residue for 2-3 days. Similarly the mixture was filtered by using whatman No. 4 filter paper. After chloroform‚ Acetone and Methanol were added in residue for sequential extraction. Solvents; Hexane‚ Chloroform‚ Acetone and Methanol were evaporated by placing the extracts in fume hood for 7-10 days. Stock solution prepration:
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It was concluded that the product created was paracetamol when a thin layer chromatography test was performed and observed under ultraviolet light (which is discussed further down the page). An unknown substance was treated with acetic anhydrate and resulted with paracetamol. A compound that behaves in this matter is 4-aminophenol and is widespread in the industrial production of this drug. Upon these observations was the build up of “Chemical A” decided. When 4-aminophenol is t treated with
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