Experiment 2 Title: preparation of a halogenoalkane Objective: To synthesis 2-cholo-2-methylpropane by using corresponding alcohol and HCl(aq). The reaction is via SN1 of tertiary alcohol. Techniques: i) Distillation of the reactant and the product ii) Purification by separating funnel Theory: In the experiment‚ SN1 reaction take place‚ HCl is added to initiate the reaction. The R-OH attack the H+ with the lone pair on O. Then the R-O+H2 bond breaks the release a water molecule and
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summer and its flowers. He suggests that although summer ends‚ its beauty lives on through winter‚ “For never-resting time leads summer on/ To hideous winter‚ and confounds him there” (5-6)‚ by the distillation of its flowers into oils or perfumes‚ shown in lines 9-10‚ “Then‚ were not summer’s distillation left/ A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass”. Essentially‚ “Sonnet 5” suggests that tyrants destroy beauty‚ and time (like a tyrant) causes the warmest season to turn into the coldest and if
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I. Title: Connecting Ground Glass Joints Objective: To learn the proper way to connect a ground glass joint Procedure: Use a female ground glass joint on a round bottom flask Use a male ground glass joint on the claisen head Clean the joints then apply the grease to the male joint Insert the greased male joint into the female joint in a circular motion and check for streaks Observations: Do not apply to much grease to the joint‚ it make cause contamination Check for streaks; if there
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simply asphalt. It is obtained by partial distillation of crude petroleum. In North America‚ bitumen is commonly known as “asphalt cement” or “asphalt”. It is a sticky‚ black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. The terms asphalt and bitumen are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance. In American English‚ asphalt (or asphalt cement) is the carefully refined residue from the distillation process of selected crude oils. Outside the
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crystals. Caffeine can be prepared by extraction from natural sources or by synthesis from uric acid. The objectives involved in this experiment is to gain experience in using extraction as a method of separation‚ to assemble and use a simple distillation setup in the separation volatile substances from non-volatile materials‚ to determine the boiling pint of a liquid sample and to isolate caffeine from tea and gain experience in chemical laboratory manipulation of plant materials. II Materials
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bottom flask and attached to the reflux apparatus. The mixture was boiled‚ the extracted first using water followed by aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The mixture was dried using anhydrous granular sodium sulfate. After dried‚ the sample was placed in a distillation apparatus and heated. This resulted in 1.8g of pure isopentyl acetate‚ a 44% yield. Introduction Isopentyl acetate is yielded by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The product is isopentyl acetate
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investigators have found out that fruit peelings from banana and apple can be one of the good sources in producing an ethanol fuel. In connection with this‚ banana peelings and apple peelings can be made into ethanol with the process of fermentation and distillation. The investigation aims to lessen the amount of wastes in the environment and also prevents the pollution in the country. The production of ethanol in this investigation is to relieve the energy crisis that is happening to the country now. The
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i. Lighting 7 ii. Electric motor 7 iii. Electric heating 8 1.1.7. IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFICIENT FUEL USE 8 i. Selection of fuel 8 ii. Selection of boiler 8 1.1.8. IMPROVEMENT IN EFFICIENT USE OF STEAM 8 i. Piping 8 ii. Steam accumulators 9 iii. Recycling of drain 9 1.1.9. HOW DOES ENERGY CONSERVATION HELP SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT? 10 1.1.10. CONCLUSIONS 11 1.2. WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT& CONSERVATION 13 1.2.1. WASTEWATER
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dehydration of cyclohexanol was performed in a simple distillation apparatus. As cyclohexene formed‚ it was distilled out of the mixture. Background Dehydration is an elimination reaction of an alcohol that takes place in the presence of an acid catalyst. In this experiment‚ 85% phosphoric acid was used as the acid catalyst. The alcohol dehydration required an acid catalyst and heat and the reaction was conducted in a simple distillation apparatus. Since‚ cyclohexene has a lower boiling point
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tube two was 73°C and test tube five was 162°C. The boiling point for test tube five was applied to test tube six because the substance is the same‚ so the boiling point should be the same as well. Any time the fume hood was opened during the distillation period‚ there were fluctuations in the temperature; the longer the fume hood remained open‚ the larger the fluctuation would be. The temperature fluctuations may have contributed to the presence of ketone in the first substance. Vapor of 2-heptanone
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