Should taxes on alcohol be raised? Consequences of alcohol tax rates on beverages consumption and alcohol-related complications have been widely studied over the past fifty years. Nowadays‚ the challenge for both economists and politicians is to estimate and form a tax level that maximizes social prosperity and most efficiently increases incomes. Alcohol taxation is an essential component of a complete alcohol control strategy. Even if any increase in alcohol tax rates will not cause a significant
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distribution of income is to achieve economic equality‚ which is to give every citizen the opportunity of earning a decent living. However‚ our current system’s inability to better allocate the resources we have at our disposal has widened the gap between the wealthy and the poor especially during the past 20 years. The primary benefit of the distribution of income is to transfer wealth‚ with the help of the government‚ to those who are less fortunate. The current distribution of income is a cost to
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National Income Determination Introduction • A key objective of Macroeconomics is to explain GDP growth and its fluctuations • Therefore‚ need to understand the forces that determine GDP (“National Income”) • John Maynard Keynes in his “General Theory of Employment‚ Interest and Money” (1936) developed a model of income determination • Known as Keynesian Theory of Income Determination • Aggregate spending / demand determines the level of aggregate output Concepts and Functions Actual
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Income inequality: Causes and Trends The distribution of wealth is extremely unequal in America and the whole world. This paper documents the growing inequality‚ and examines three reasons for its increase. The income growth for top earners is faster than income growth for the poor. This accelerated income growth for top earners would increase the income gap between top earners and the poor. In addition‚ income inequality between the poor and top earners in the US is becoming greater than in other
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Q 1. Cigarettes are often cited in economics texts as an example of a particular type of market failure. Identify that market failure‚ and illustrate the failure using an appropriate diagram. Ans. Cigarettes represents a market failure of externatilities. They are sited as negative externality as they affect the wellbeing of the bystander and the person neither pays nor receives any compensation for that negative effect. A smoker enjoys the puff of the smoke and the bystander inhales the fumes
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marks) Select the correct answer and write it into your examination book next to the question number (for example‚ 11-C): 1.1 Asset classes are divided into how many main groups? a) b) c) d) Two Three Four Five Answer: (Topic 3; page 112) c 1.2 A bank fulfills the function of being an intermediary between: a) b) c) d) Consumers and producers. Consumers and suppliers. Savers and borrowers. Capitalists and entrepreneurs. Answer: (Topic 2; page 60) c 1.3 Capital is the concept which economists use
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Chapter 1: Practicing the Science and Art of Psychiatric Nursing Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which outcome‚ focused on recovery‚ would be expected in the plan of care for a patient living in the community with serious and persistent mental illness? Within 3 months‚ the patient will: a. deny suicidal ideation. b. report a sense of well-being. c. take medications as prescribed. d. attend clinic appointments on time. ANS: B Recovery emphasizes managing symptoms‚ reducing psychosocial
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Can Taxes Substitute For Zakat? In the contemporary societies today‚ many questions concerning the tax and Zakat arise. Such questions need a discussion and analysis from the opinion of scholars. The question such as must a Muslim tax payers pay Zakat in addition to the taxes paid to the government? Or can taxes substitute Zakat in the first place? In order to answer those questions‚ we must always remember that there’s an essential features of Zakat‚ without it Zakat does not exist. The
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University of Central Punjab * Assignment: Income tax return filling * Presented to: Prof Imran Shehzad * Presented by: Sami Elahi * Registration number: L1F11MCOM2077 * Date: 12-01-2013 Question (Case study) Tax year 2013 Mr. Sami is employee of a private company with following emoluments’. * Basic salary 60‚000 PM * Medical allowance 8‚000 PM * House rent allowance
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Classificatory smoothing of Income with Extraordinary Items - Summary Within this paper they talk about whether extraordinary items are used to smooth ordinary or operating income over time. The role of extraordinary items was never really looked at become separately and that is what they wanted to look at. They talk about how previously the focus was on net income after extraordinary items but that it is important to look at net income before extraordinary items also
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