Chapter 2 Outline The Biological Perspective Neuron A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell Dendrites Dendrites are treelike extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area of the cell body and are covered with synapses Soma The soma is the cell body of a neuron. Axon The Axon of a neuron is a singular fiber that carries information away from the soma to the synaptic sites of other neurons (dendrites and somas)‚ muscles‚ Glial
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Biological Basis of Behavior William James- mental activity is also physiological activity Neuron- basic unit of the nervous system *Each neuron is a living cell with a nucleus and other parts common to all cells. Three main parts of the neuron: 1. Dendrites: the receiving part of the nucleus 2. Cell body (Soma): The processing part Electrochemical Transmission 3. Axon: the transmitting part Normal habit change: Doing the same behavior over and over again (same neurons being used over and over)
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highly wrinkled (thought & action) Thalamus - major sensory relay center‚ regulates CNS & PNS Hypothalamus - ventral to thalamus (homeostasis‚ emotion‚ thirst‚ hunger‚ circadian rhythm‚ control of autonomic nervous system) [controls pituitary gland] Main structures a. Limbic system - collection of structures w/in forebrain (emotional brain in memories‚ emotions‚ decisions‚ motivation‚ learning) b. Amygdala - control of emotional behavior c. Hippocampus - process of learning & memory (Malfunction:
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1012 Anatomy and Physiology Lab The Nervous System II: Anatomy Review 1. The somatic nervous system stimulates __Smooth__ muscle. The autonomic nervous system stimulates _Skeletal___ muscle‚ __Cardiac___ muscle‚ and _Glands___. 2. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists two divisions‚ each innervating the effector organs. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) generally speeds up everything except digestion. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) generally slows down everything
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This perspective shows the psychologist which areas of systems interact to influence behavior. Humans are biopsychosocial systems‚ in which biological‚ psychological‚ and social-cultural factors interact to influence our behavior. NEURAL COMMUNICATION 2-2: What are neurons‚ and how do they transmit information? Neurons are the basic components of the nervous system. The body uses these neurons in its electrochemical information system rather quickly. A neuron receives signals through its dendrites
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stimulation had on the heart. | the HR decreases and stopped the heart temporarily | Explain two ways that the heart can overcome excessive vagal stimulation. | 1: Sympathetic reflexes 2: initiation of a rhythm by the Purkinje Fibers | Describe how the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system work together to regulate heart rate | Sympathetic increases HR Parasympathetic decreases HR | What do you think would happen to the HR if the vagus nerve was cut? | It would increase and go back to the 100bpm
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Chapter 2- Neuroscience and biological foundations Glial Cells (three types): Make up about 90% of the brain’s total cells. They also supply nutrients and oxygen‚ perform clean up tasks‚ and insulate one neuron from another so that their neural messages are not scrambled. Oligodedreocytes: helps to create the myelin sheath. Purpose speed up communication in the brain. Insulate axons. Makes Neural transmissions. Microglia: Special immune cells in the brain. They can detect unhealthy and damaged
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in the nervous system. A second factor is infection we are familiar with the idea of bacteria or viruses causing physical illness such as flu. It seems though that infection can also give a rise to mental illness. Flu has been linked to schizophrenia. Recent research shows that schizophrenia cases have been linked with exposure to the flu virus in the womb during the first trimester. The third factor is biochemistry. Neurotransmitters are thought to be out of balance in the nervous system of individuals
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Adrenergic medications affect the four receptors‚ a1‚ a2‚ B1 and B2. The sympathetic nervous system triggers the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Epinephrine is a hormone and norepinephrine functions as a hormone and neurotransmitter. First we will take a look at the Alpha 1 receptors. These Alpha 1 receptors cause vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscles. They are located on the post synaptic membranes of effector organs‚ such as on gastral and urinary sphincters. Some are located
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Report:Nervous System Please fill out this report and submit it to the dropbox. Do not hand in your own form. It will not be graded and you will receive a zero for the lab. You must get all parts correct to get credit for the question * Please note that although you do not hand in items in observations‚ it is very important to do these as you may see some of these items on future/associated lab quizzes or be asked about some of these concepts on unit assignments. Step 1: Nervous Slides Assignment
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