Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are the two major parts of our nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. It acts as the control center to process and interpret sensory information and send out the instructions. Spinal nerves‚ cranial nerves‚ and all the nerves outside of the central nervous system are the parts of the peripheral nervous system. It connects the CNS to the rest of the body by transmitting sensory information to
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b. Open the Digestive System File. c. Click Animations. d. Click Mechanical Digestion in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Introduction 1. Define the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The GI tract is the stomach and intestine divided up into the upper and lower GI 2. Identify three mechanical digestion activities. a. Chewing b. Mixing food and saliva with tongue c. Churning food into the stomach 3. Name two feedback loops that regulate digestive system smooth muscle responsible
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Biological Basis of Behavior William James- mental activity is also physiological activity Neuron- basic unit of the nervous system *Each neuron is a living cell with a nucleus and other parts common to all cells. Three main parts of the neuron: 1. Dendrites: the receiving part of the nucleus 2. Cell body (Soma): The processing part Electrochemical Transmission 3. Axon: the transmitting part Normal habit change: Doing the same behavior over and over again (same neurons being used over and over)
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Chapter 2 Outline The Biological Perspective Neuron A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell Dendrites Dendrites are treelike extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area of the cell body and are covered with synapses Soma The soma is the cell body of a neuron. Axon The Axon of a neuron is a singular fiber that carries information away from the soma to the synaptic sites of other neurons (dendrites and somas)‚ muscles‚ Glial
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1012 Anatomy and Physiology Lab The Nervous System II: Anatomy Review 1. The somatic nervous system stimulates __Smooth__ muscle. The autonomic nervous system stimulates _Skeletal___ muscle‚ __Cardiac___ muscle‚ and _Glands___. 2. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists two divisions‚ each innervating the effector organs. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) generally speeds up everything except digestion. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) generally slows down everything
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highly wrinkled (thought & action) Thalamus - major sensory relay center‚ regulates CNS & PNS Hypothalamus - ventral to thalamus (homeostasis‚ emotion‚ thirst‚ hunger‚ circadian rhythm‚ control of autonomic nervous system) [controls pituitary gland] Main structures a. Limbic system - collection of structures w/in forebrain (emotional brain in memories‚ emotions‚ decisions‚ motivation‚ learning) b. Amygdala - control of emotional behavior c. Hippocampus - process of learning & memory (Malfunction:
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This perspective shows the psychologist which areas of systems interact to influence behavior. Humans are biopsychosocial systems‚ in which biological‚ psychological‚ and social-cultural factors interact to influence our behavior. NEURAL COMMUNICATION 2-2: What are neurons‚ and how do they transmit information? Neurons are the basic components of the nervous system. The body uses these neurons in its electrochemical information system rather quickly. A neuron receives signals through its dendrites
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stimulation had on the heart. | the HR decreases and stopped the heart temporarily | Explain two ways that the heart can overcome excessive vagal stimulation. | 1: Sympathetic reflexes 2: initiation of a rhythm by the Purkinje Fibers | Describe how the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system work together to regulate heart rate | Sympathetic increases HR Parasympathetic decreases HR | What do you think would happen to the HR if the vagus nerve was cut? | It would increase and go back to the 100bpm
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Chapter 2- Neuroscience and biological foundations Glial Cells (three types): Make up about 90% of the brain’s total cells. They also supply nutrients and oxygen‚ perform clean up tasks‚ and insulate one neuron from another so that their neural messages are not scrambled. Oligodedreocytes: helps to create the myelin sheath. Purpose speed up communication in the brain. Insulate axons. Makes Neural transmissions. Microglia: Special immune cells in the brain. They can detect unhealthy and damaged
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in the nervous system. A second factor is infection we are familiar with the idea of bacteria or viruses causing physical illness such as flu. It seems though that infection can also give a rise to mental illness. Flu has been linked to schizophrenia. Recent research shows that schizophrenia cases have been linked with exposure to the flu virus in the womb during the first trimester. The third factor is biochemistry. Neurotransmitters are thought to be out of balance in the nervous system of individuals
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