Theory X and Theory Y After World War II there were several studies performed that ultimately revealed how assumptions about workers’ attitudes and behaviors affect managers’ behavior. In the 1960s one of the most influential approaches was created and developed by Douglas McGregor at the MIT Sloan School Of Management. He proposed two sets of assumptions about how work attitudes and behaviors not only dominate the way mangers think but also affect how they behave in organizations. He named these
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Assess the usefulness of Marxism and other conflict theories of our understanding of society. Although social conflict theories such as Marxism and feminism clearly have their weaknesses‚ as all sociological theories do‚ it is unreasonable to say that they are ‘irrelevant’ to an understanding of modern society‚ as a large amount of contemporary sociological research has its roots in conflict theory in some way. Marxism is a useful conflict theory in helping us to understand why there was obedience
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In this essay I aim to describe two theories (Equity Theory and Social exchange theory) of relationships and to consider how they might influence the therapist engaged in couples counseling‚ noting their similarities and differences. Equity theory is a theory about fairness. Its application to close relationships has been primarily advanced by Elaine Hatfield (previously known as Elaine Walster) and her colleagues in the book Equity: Theory and Research (Walster‚ Walster‚ and Berscheid 1978). The
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conventional performance appraisal systems may allow managers to inflate ratings and award Superior ratings to all‚ a forced ranking system ensures that distribution requirements will be met. Overall I think that it can push /employees to work harder. Based on equality‚ appraisals should be based on a set of clear expectations‚ and employees should be ranked in a system that says they are falling below‚ meeting‚ or exceeding these expectations. 2. The equity theory focuses on employees being treated
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1.0 THEORY X1.1 THEORY X ASSUMPTIONS | 2-3 | 2 | 2.0 THEORY Y2.1 THEORY Y ASSUMPTIONS | 4-5 | 3 | 3.0 BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS-OPENNESS-EXTRAVERSION-NEUROTICISM-CAREFULNESS-SOCIABILITY | 6-11 | 1.0 THEORY X What is theory X? The “Theory X” management theory holds that the average employee has little ambition‚ dislikes work and must be coerced‚ controlled and directed to achieve organizational objectives. Those in management who believe the behavioral assumption of “Theory X” take
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Bowen’s Family Systems Theory Bowen’s Family Systems Theory Overview This adaptation of systems theory was coined by Dr. Murray Bowen and is referred to as Bowen’s Family Systems Theory. According to Murdock (2013)‚ this particular adaptation of systems theory is considered one of the most reputable and well constructed compared to that of its counterparts. The author states that family systems theories can be utilized with individuals as well as with specific relationships within the family
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Chapter 8 – Systems oriented theories 1. Introduction Rationale: Why corporate management might elect to voluntarily provide particular information to parties outside the organisation. (Page 250 & 251) Gray‚ Owen and Adams (1996): Legitimacy Theory and Stakeholder Theory are two theorietical perspectives that have been adopted by a number of researchers in recent years. The theories are sometimes referred to as “systems-oriented theories”. Within a systems-based perspective‚ the entity is assumed
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BLC 122 THEORIES OF COMMUNICATION TOPIC: NARRATIVE THEORY CONTENTS PAGE 1. Critical writing 1.1. Definition 3 1.1.1. Narrative Paradigm 3-4 1.1.2. Good reasoning 4 1.1.3. Narrative Rationality‚ Coherence and Fidelity 4-5 2. Weaknesses of the theory 6-8 3. Strength of the theory 8-10 4. Examples of the theory 4.1. Article about Narrative Theory 11-14 4.2. Participation Observation & Interview 4.2.1. Respondent Background
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Projects and Systems Theory “The most pervasive intellectual tradition to project management is without doubt the systems approach” Unit Coordinator: David Baccarini Teaching Staff: Geoff Salm By Ben Westerberg 16832778 PART I –THEORY Describe the key fundamentals of systems theory Just about anything in life can viewed as having systems (Baccarini 2013). They can be found anywhere from within nature to anywhere in society and business. To better understand the principle of systems and the
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Theory X‚ Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. In his book‚ The Human Side of Enterprise‚ he outlined a new role for managers. He stated that managers should assist subordinates in reaching their full potential‚ rather than commanding and controlling. Theory X is negative and Theory Y can
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