Reticulospinal Tract The reticulospinal tract is a motor pathway that originates from the reticular formation‚ primarily in the pons and medulla‚ and synapses in the spinal cord. In the reticular formation‚ the reticulospinal tract surfaces from the pontine caudal reticular nucleus and gigantocellular reticular nucleus. The reticulospinal tract is responsible for postural control and autonomic function like initiation of locomotion via innervation of motor neurons into the trunk and proximal limb
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Please remember to read the functions of Hypothalamus since this also forms a part of the limbic system and the class has been taken separately There are other areas in the structures near to the limbic system that are intimately connected to it – namely cingulate gyrus‚ basal ganglia‚ ventral tegmental area of the brain stem (just below the thalamus) and prefrontal cortex. So their functions are also needed to be studied alongwith this. LIMBIC SYSTEM 16th April‚ 2014 History
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infracted brain tissue disintegrates. • Cardiogenic Embolic Strokes are associated with cardiac dysrythmias‚ usually atrial fibrillation. Emboli originate from the heart and circulate to the cerebral vasculature‚ most commonly the left middle cerebral artery‚ resulting in stroke. Embolic stroke may be prevented by the use of anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. • The last two classifications of ischemic strokes are cryptogenic strokes‚ which have no known cause
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Management of croup in children in A&E – are we doing it the right way? Introduction – Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) is triggered by viral infection in most cases.Diagnosis is mainly clinical and management is based on Westley croup score‚ where dexamethasone is administered and the child admitted or discharged. Methodology – Retrospective study . 50 casualty cards with the diagnosis of croup was picked up randomly between the months of October and November 2005 and the management of each
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Chapter 1 Cardiovascular Disorders I. Normal cardiac anatomy‚ physiology‚ and function A. Cardiac and coronary artery anatomy (see Figure 1-1) The left anterior descending artery is the most common site of coronary artery occlusion. B. Cardiac cycle (see Figure 1-2) In 10% of patients‚ the posterior descending artery derives from the left coronary artery. C. Cardiac output (CO) 1. Heart rate (HR) a. Number of cardiac contractions per unit time; commonly expressed as beats per minute (bpm)
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Case Study 8 1. List 6 risk factors for DVT. Inheriting a blood clot disorder Prolonged bed rest‚ such as long hospital stay Injury or surgery Pregnancy Birth control pills or hormone replacement Being overweight or obese 2. Identify at least 5 problems from L.J.’s history that represent his personal risk factors. Smoking history Personal history of DVT Prolonged bed rest Age of above 60 years old Sitting for long period of times (Bus Driving) 3. Something is missing from the scenario. Based on
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blood back down to the ventricles but the aortic semi lunar valve is has shut itself so blood may not backwash back into the ventricles. During this time‚ blood will be slowly returning back into the left atrium by ventricular diastole second phase & atrial systole but do note that the atrioventricular valves are still closed so blood doesn ’t wash into the ventriculars. Blood will travel through arteries then to arterioles and lastly to capillaries so it may begin a gas exchange of oxygenated blood
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STROKE A stroke—also called a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or a brain attack—is an injury to the blood vessels of the brain that causes neurological malfunctioning. In the United States‚ as many as 87% of all strokes are caused by the sudden blockage of a cerebral artery. The resulting decrease in blood flow leads to ischemic damage in the region of the brain that is fed by the artery. These CVAs are called ischemic strokes. Most ischemic strokes are due to blood clots. The remaining 13%
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Strokes and even mini-strokes are medical emergencies which may occur at least once in one’s lifetime. Learn what strokes are‚ their causes and effects so that you have sufficient knowledge to give you an opportunity to prevent major strokes which could cause devastating and permanent brain damage‚ coma and even death. A stroke strikes suddenly causing one in six people worldwide to have at least one stroke in their lifetime. The stroke happens fast especially when there is a blockage of blood flow
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MSc in Cardiology 2010-2011-CVSM 5001 Basic Cardiology (28 Dec 2010) Objectives of this Lecture Termination of Pregnancy: Ethical and Practical Consideration Tam‚ Wing Hung Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology CUHK 1. Importance of pre‐conceptional counselling for patients with cardiac disease 2. Conditions for TOP 3. Legal aspect of TOP 4. Methods of TOP 5. Risk of TOP: specific to cardiac patient 6. An example of cardiomyopathy Physiological Changes • Increase in the intravascular volume
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