S107-S110. [12] Roberts A.‚ Renwick A. G.‚ Sims J. and Snodin D. J. Sucralose metabolism and pharmacokinetics in man. Food and Chemical Toxicology 38 (Suppl. 2)‚ 2000‚ S31-S41. [13] Sims J.‚ Roberts A.‚ Daniel J. and Renwick A. G. The metabolic fate of sucralose in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 38 (Suppl. 2)‚ 2000‚ S115-S121. [14] Wood S. G.‚ John B. A. and Hawkins D. R. The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sucralose in the dog. Food and Chemical Toxicology 38 (Suppl. 2)‚ 2000‚ S99-S106. [15]
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responsible for lipopolysaccharide synthesis‚ making the cell wall of the bacteria more permeable‚[4] and in the excision repair system to make the test more sensitive.[5] Rat liver extract is optionally added to simulate the effect of metabolism‚ as some compounds‚ like benzo[a]pyrene‚ are not mutagenic themselves but their metabolic products are.[6] The
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the blood and not enough carbon dioxide. Patients with respiratory alkalosis will have a lower pH and an increased PCO2 on an ABG test. Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic acidosis happens when there is too much acid in the blood. Diarrhea‚ complications from illness such as diabetes and bowel obstruction can cause metabolic acidosis. ABGs of a patient with metabolic acidosis would show lower pH and decreased bicarbonate‚ or HCO3. Diabetic Acidosis Diabetic acidosis happens when there is too much of
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below. For 24h urine collection‚ the animals were kept in metabolic cage and urine was collected on 0‚ 7th‚ 14th‚ 21st and 28th day of the study period. Animals had free access only to drinking water during urine collection period. The urine was analyzed for volume‚ pH‚ calcium‚ oxalate‚ phosphorus‚ uric acid‚ creatinine‚ magnesium and citrate. Urolithiasis was induced by administration of ethylene glycol (0.75%) into healthy male Wistar rats. For in vivo analysis‚ 24h urine samples were collected
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Name ________________________ Date ________________ Endocrine System Physiology R E V I E W S H E E T E X E R C I S E 4 (Activity 2‚ 3‚ & 4) A C T I V I T Y 2 Plasma Glucose‚ Insulin‚ and Diabetes Mellitus 1. What is a glucose standard curve‚ and why did you need to obtain one for this experiment? Did you correctly predict how you would measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample using the glucose standard curve? _A glucose standard curve is a method for identifying
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12 Hunger‚ Eating‚ and Health Why Do Many People Eat Too Much? 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Digestion‚ Energy Storage‚ and Energy Utilization Theories of Hunger and Eating: Set Points versus Positive Incentives Factors That Determine What‚ When‚ and How Much We Eat Physiological Research on Hunger and Satiety 12.5 12.6 12.7 Body Weight Regulation: Set Points versus Settling Points Human Obesity: Causes‚ Mechanisms‚ and Treatments Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa ISBN 0-558-78571-9 Biopsychology
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study is to find out the effect of L-carnitine on the activities of electron transport chain in young and aged rats. 2. What are the main conclusions of this study? The conclusion is that carnitine may prevents free radicals mediated mitochondrial membrane damages and increases the electron flow through the electron transport chain and thereby increasing energy production in aged rats. 3. How could this study be improved? This is a very open-ended question; just do the best you can. In
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such as rats and mice are not misplaced‚ as long term exposure to pain has high risks of inducing greater levels of anxiety‚ alcohol abuse‚ and disturbing altercations of previously established behaviors (Anand‚ 1999); the risk to develop chronic pain from periodic acute pain is also increased over long term exposure (Al-Chaer‚ 2000). These studies demonstrate the ramifications of pain related studies; both short term responses to pain and the potential developments of long term
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can continue. Furthermore‚ another argument is that machines just can’t replace animal functions. Machines can do a lot to replicate some elements of animal testing‚ but will never be able to mimic the functions of a living body‚ such as that of a rat (Ericson‚
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Elimination The Kidneys Primary function of the kidneys is to maintain correct balance of electrolytes in body fluids (water and salt) Filters 1 liter of plasma per min; produces 1 cobic cm of urine per min Filters everything out of the blood then selectively reabsorbs Blood passes into a nephron (a long tube) Bowman’s capsule which contains a clump of capillaries (glomerulus) Nephron connects with collecting tubes that empty into the bladder The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney
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