The Knoevenagel Condensation Preparation of Ethyl 3-Coumarincarboxlate Ivy Akatsa Organic Chemistry Introduction Knoevenagel Condensation uses a compound of the type X-CH2-Y as the carbanion source‚ where X and Y are the electron withdrawing groups such as –CN‚-COOR‚-COR‚ NO2‚ etc. These groups are capable of stabilizing an adjacent carbanion by resonance. So in this experiment‚ the Knoevenagel Condensation of diethyl malonate with aromatic aldehyde salicylaldehyde involves an initial
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Preparation of Dibenzalacetone by the Aldol condensation David o Neill Date of experiment: 14/12/2011 Apparatus Steam bath‚ ice bath‚ Buchner funnel‚ beaker‚ conical flask‚ filter paper‚ TLC apparatus‚ Melting point apparatus Materials / chemicals Benzaldehyde‚ acetone‚ ethanolic sodium hydroxide‚ ethanol Introduction The synthesis of dibenzalacetone is formed from an Aldol condensation reaction. An Aldol condensation reaction is a very effective way of forming a carbon – carbon bond reaction‚ in
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BOILING AND CONDENSATION BOILING • Phase change phenomenon where in transformation of liquid to vapour occurs at the saturation temperature of the fluid. It occurs at a solid/liquid interface due to convection heat transfer from the solid and usually occurs at surface temperatures higher than the saturation temperature of the fluid Agitation of fluid by vapor bubbles provides large convection coefficients Modified Newton’s law of cooling qs’’ h Ts Tsat Te • • • BOILING – CLASSIFICATON
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Ethyl acetate (systematically‚ ethyl ethanoate‚ commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH3COOCH2CH3. This colorless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues‚ nail polish removers‚ and cigarettes (see list of additives in cigarettes). Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and acetic acid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent. The combined annual production in 1985 of Japan‚ North America‚ and Europe
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“SPORTS RULE THE MIND” (A paragraph condensation) The argument between a sports lover‚ and an academic supporter. 1) Sports cause a lot of kids to be absent from their classes. 2) 2) His tally averages 22 hours per week. 3) 3) The janitors services are disrupted due to sports. 4) 4) Lost school time + Practice time = 42 days per semester. 5) 5) Dollar costs in custodial‚ secretarial and travel expenses are revealed. 6) 6) He
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A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO TWO-PHASE FLOWS Condensation and boiling heat transfer Herv´ Lemonnier e DM2S/STMF/LIEFT‚ CEA/Grenoble‚ 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9 Ph. +33(0)4 38 78 45 40‚ herve.lemonnier@cea.fr herve.lemonnier.sci.free.fr/TPF/TPF.htm ECP‚ 2011-2012 HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISMS • Condensation heat transfer: – drop condensation – film condensation • Boiling heat transfer: – Pool boiling‚ natural convection‚ ´bullition en vase e – Convective boiling‚ forced convection‚ • Only for pure fluids. For
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Introduction: Aldol Condensation‚ a useful carbon-carbon bond-forming is the an example of a reaction named based on the type of product formed. This product formed involves two aldehydes or ketones in the presence of dilute base‚ yields a molecule having both aldehyde and alcohol. The aldol products are β-hydroxyaldehydes or β- hydroxyketones. Condensation reaction is the transformation that result from combination of large molecules to produce another larger molecule. In an aldol condensation‚ β-hydroxyaldehyde
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Aldol Condensation Formal Abstract: An aldol condensation reaction was performed on acetophenone using p-anisaldehyde and sodium hydroxide as a base. This produced trans-p-anisalacetophenone in the form of a fluffy yellow crystal. The reaction was performed in a test tube and sodium hydroxide was added drop by drop followed by recrystallization and vacuum filtration. In order to verify the presence of the ketone 2‚4-dinitrophenylhydrazone was synthesized and reacted with trans-p-anisalacetophenone
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Making Ethyl Ethanoate Alternative methods of production To compare the effectiveness of producing ethyl ethanoate in the experiment I completed to other alternative methods I am going to use the atom economies. Atom economy = molar mass of useful product/molar mass of all reactants *100. Alternative 1 2CH3CHO CH3COOC2H5 This experiment would produce an atom economy of 100%‚ as there is one reactant making one product meaning there are no waste products produced. Although this experiment would
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Aldol Condensation Discussion: 1. Aldol condensation reactions take place in basic conditions‚ where a deprotonated enol becomes an enolate and proceeds to attack the aldehyde. Since the solution is basic‚ it is able to deprotonate the alpha carbons of the product‚ which forces the hydroxide groups to leave. The product is then considered to be dehydrated and unsaturated. In terms of our reaction‚ cyclopentatone is deprotonated to form an enolate‚ which then attacks the two molecules of p-tolualdehyde
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